Śniegowska Joanna, Biesiada Anita, Gasiński Alan
Department of Horticulture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
Molecules. 2024 Apr 19;29(8):1865. doi: 10.3390/molecules29081865.
Bertoni is a plant native to South America that has gathered much interest in recent decades thanks to diterpene glycosides, called steviosides, which it produces. These compounds are characterised by their sweetness, which is 250-300 times higher than saccharose, and they contain almost no caloric value. Stevia is currently also grown outside the South American continent, in various countries characterised by warm weather. This research aimed to determine whether it is viable to grow plants in Poland, a country characterised by a cooler climate than the native regions for stevia plants. Additionally, the impact of adding various dosages and forms of nitrogen fertiliser was analysed. It was determined that grown in Poland is characterised by a rather low concentration of steviosides, although proper nitrogen fertilisation can improve various characteristics of the grown plants. The addition of 100 kg or 150 kg of nitrogen per hectare of the field in the form of urea or ammonium nitrate increased the yield of the stevia plants. The stevioside content can be increased by applying fertilisation using 100 kg or 150 kg of nitrogen per hectare in the form of ammonium sulfate. The total yield of the stevia plants grown in Poland was lower than the yield typically recorded in warmer countries, and the low concentration of steviosides in the plant suggests that more research about growing in Poland would be needed to develop profitable methods of stevia cultivation.
甜叶菊是一种原产于南美洲的植物，由于其产生的二萜糖苷（称为甜菊糖苷），在近几十年引起了广泛关注。这些化合物的特点是甜度高，比蔗糖高250 - 300倍，且几乎不含热量。目前，甜叶菊也在南美洲大陆以外的气候温暖的各个国家种植。本研究旨在确定在波兰种植甜叶菊是否可行，波兰的气候比甜叶菊原生地区更凉爽。此外，还分析了添加不同剂量和形式氮肥的影响。结果表明，在波兰种植的甜叶菊甜菊糖苷浓度较低，不过适当的氮肥施用可以改善种植植物的各种特性。每公顷田地以尿素或硝酸铵形式添加100千克或150千克氮可提高甜叶菊的产量。以硫酸铵形式每公顷施用100千克或150千克氮进行施肥可提高甜菊糖苷含量。在波兰种植的甜叶菊总产量低于气候温暖国家通常记录的产量，且植物中甜菊糖苷浓度较低，这表明需要对在波兰种植甜叶菊进行更多研究，以开发出有利可图的甜叶菊种植方法。
