Ahmad Wadi Afifah Fatimah Azzahra, Onomura Daichi, Funamori Hirokazu, Khatun Mst Mahmuda, Okada Shunpei, Iizasa Hisashi, Yoshiyama Hironori
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo 693-8504, Shimane, Japan.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Muslim Indonesia, Makassar 9023, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Viruses. 2024 Mar 28;16(4):520. doi: 10.3390/v16040520.
One of the methods to inactivate viruses is to denature viral proteins using released ions. However, there have been no reports detailing the effects of changes in humidity or contamination with body fluids on the inactivation of viruses. This study investigated the effects of humidity changes and saliva contamination on the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 inactivation with ions using multiple viral strains. Virus solutions with different infectious titers were dropped onto a circular nitrocellulose membrane and irradiated with ions from 10 cm above the membrane. After the irradiation of ions for 60, 90, and 120 min, changes in viral infectious titers were measured. The effect of ions on virus inactivation under different humidity conditions was also examined using virus solutions containing 90% mixtures of saliva collected from 10 people. A decrease in viral infectivity was observed over time for all strains, but ion irradiation further accelerated the decrease in viral infectivity. Ion irradiation can inactivate all viral strains, but at 80% humidity, the effect did not appear until 90 min after irradiation. The presence of saliva protected the virus from drying and maintained infectiousness for a longer period compared with no saliva. In particular, the Omicron strain retained its infectivity titer longer than the other strains. Ion irradiation demonstrated a consistent reduction in the number of infectious viruses when compared to the control across varying levels of humidity and irradiation periods. This underscores the notable effectiveness of irradiation, even when the reduction effect is as modest as 50%, thereby emphasizing its crucial role in mitigating the rapid dissemination of SARS-CoV-2.
使病毒失活的方法之一是利用释放的离子使病毒蛋白变性。然而，尚无报告详细说明湿度变化或体液污染对病毒失活的影响。本研究使用多种病毒株，调查了湿度变化和唾液污染对离子灭活新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）效果的影响。将具有不同感染滴度的病毒溶液滴到圆形硝酸纤维素膜上，并从膜上方10厘米处用离子进行辐照。在离子辐照60、90和120分钟后，测量病毒感染滴度的变化。还使用含有从10人收集的唾液的90%混合物的病毒溶液，研究了不同湿度条件下离子对病毒灭活的影响。所有毒株的病毒感染性均随时间下降，但离子辐照进一步加速了病毒感染性的下降。离子辐照可使所有病毒株失活，但在80%湿度下，辐照90分钟后才出现效果。与无唾液相比，唾液的存在保护病毒免于干燥并使其传染性维持更长时间。特别是，奥密克戎毒株的感染滴度比其他毒株保持的时间更长。与对照组相比，在不同湿度水平和辐照时间下，离子辐照均使感染性病毒数量持续减少。这突出了辐照的显著有效性，即使减少效果仅为50%，从而强调了其在减轻SARS-CoV-2快速传播方面的关键作用。
