Innovative Technical Solutions, LLC, Gainesville, FL, 32606, USA; University of Florida, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
University of Florida, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
Chemosphere. 2024 Jun;358:142141. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142141. Epub 2024 Apr 25.
Elevated per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations have been reported in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachate with higher levels in wet and warmer subtropical climates. Information about landfill leachate characteristics is much more limited in tropical climates. In this study, 20 landfill leachate samples were collected from three MSW landfills on the tropical island of Puerto Rico and results were compared against landfills nationally and within Florida, USA. The samples collected in Puerto Rico underwent physical-chemical analysis, as well as a quantitative analysis of 92 PFAS. Samples described in this study include discrete leachate types, such as leachate, gas condensate, and leachate which has undergone on-site treatment (e.g., RO treatment, phytoremediation, lagoons). A total of 51 PFAS were detected above quantitation limits, including perfluorohexylphosphonic acid, a perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) which has not been reported previously in landfill leachate. ∑PFAS concentrations in this study (mean: 38,000 ng L), as well as concentrations of individual PFAS, are significantly higher than other reported MSW landfill leachate concentrations. The profiles of leachates collected from on-site treatment systems indicate possible transformation of precursor PFAS as a result of treatment processes - oxidizing conditions, for example, may facilitate aerobic transformation, increase the concentrations of PFAAs, and possibly increase the apparent ∑PFAS concentration. Extreme climate events, including rising temperatures and more frequent hurricanes, have placed additional strain on the solid waste management infrastructure on the island - adding complexity to an already challenging PFAS management issue. As concern grows over PFAS contamination in drinking water, these findings should inform solid waste and leachate management decisions in order to minimize PFAS emissions in island environments.
已报道市垃圾填埋场渗滤液中存在较高浓度的全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS)，且在潮湿和温暖的亚热带气候中浓度更高。有关热带气候下垃圾填埋场渗滤液特征的信息则要少得多。在这项研究中，从波多黎各热带岛屿的三个城市固体废物填埋场收集了 20 个垃圾填埋场渗滤液样本，并将结果与全国范围内和美国佛罗里达州的填埋场进行了比较。在波多黎各收集的样本进行了物理化学分析以及 92 种 PFAS 的定量分析。本研究中描述的样本包括离散的渗滤液类型，例如渗滤液、气体冷凝物和经过现场处理的渗滤液（例如 RO 处理、植物修复、泻湖）。在定量限以上共检测到 51 种 PFAS，包括全氟己基膦酸，这是一种以前未在垃圾填埋场渗滤液中报告过的全氟烷基酸 (PFAA)。本研究中∑PFAS 的浓度（平均值：38,000ng/L）以及个别 PFAS 的浓度均明显高于其他报道的城市固体废物填埋场渗滤液浓度。从现场处理系统收集的渗滤液的分布表明，由于处理过程，可能会发生前体 PFAS 的转化——例如，氧化条件可能有利于好氧转化，增加 PFAAs 的浓度，并可能增加表观∑PFAS 浓度。极端气候事件，包括气温升高和更频繁的飓风，给岛上的固体废物管理基础设施带来了额外的压力——为已经具有挑战性的 PFAS 管理问题增加了复杂性。随着人们对饮用水中 PFAS 污染的关注不断增加，这些发现应该为固体废物和渗滤液管理决策提供信息，以尽量减少岛屿环境中的 PFAS 排放。
