Zeng Q, Liu T, Guo X X, Han C, Liu J, Tao H
Institute for Occupational Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China.
Department of Prevention Medicine, Nankai University Hospital, Tianjin 300071, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2024 Apr 20;42(4):271-276. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20230216-00043.
Three occupational health risk assessment methods were used to assess the occupational health risk of noise exposed posts in an automobile manufacturing enterprise. According to the results, the selection of risk assessment methods and risk management of such occupational noise enterprises were provided. Form April to November 2021, The occupational health field survey was carried out in an automobile manufacturing industry in Tianjin. The occupational health MES risk assessment method, occupational health risk index risk assessment method and Australian occupational hazard risk assessment method were used to evaluate the occupational health risk of noise-exposed posts in this enterprise, and the evaluation results of different methods were analyzed and compared. The average value of (Aeq, 8 h) in the four workshops of automobile manufacturing industry was 82.95 dB (A) , and the noise detection exceeding rate was 22.41% (26/116) . The LAeq, 8h and exceeding rate noise of welding workshop were higher than those of other workshops (χ(2)=23.56, 32.94, <0.01) . The three occupational health risk assessment methods have the same risk assessment results for the four major workshops. The assembly and painting workshops are level 4 risk (possible risk) , and the stamping and welding workshops are level 3 risk (significant risk) . Occupational noise has certain potential hazards to workers in automobile manufacturing enterprises. Therefore, in the future work, corresponding organizational management measures should be taken to improve the working environment and reduce the actual exposure level of workers in order to protect the health of occupational workers.
采用三种职业健康风险评估方法，对某汽车制造企业噪声暴露岗位的职业健康风险进行评估。根据评估结果，给出了此类职业噪声企业风险评估方法的选择及风险管理建议。2021年4月至11月，在天津市某汽车制造企业开展职业健康现场调查。采用职业健康MES风险评估法、职业健康风险指数风险评估法和澳大利亚职业危害风险评估法，对该企业噪声暴露岗位的职业健康风险进行评估，并对不同方法的评估结果进行分析比较。该汽车制造企业四个车间的等效连续A声级（Aeq，8h）平均值为82.95dB（A），噪声检测超标率为22.41%（26/116）。焊接车间的等效连续A声级（LAeq，8h）及超标率均高于其他车间（χ(2)=23.56, 32.94, <0.01）。三种职业健康风险评估方法对四个主要车间的风险评估结果一致。装配车间和涂装车间为4级风险（可能有风险），冲压车间和焊接车间为3级风险（显著风险）。职业噪声对汽车制造企业工人具有一定潜在危害。因此，在今后工作中应采取相应的组织管理措施，改善工作环境，降低工人实际暴露水平，以保护职业工人健康。
