Clinic of General-, Special Care- and Geriatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Clinic of General-, Special Care- and Geriatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
J Dent. 2024 Jul;146:105016. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105016. Epub 2024 Apr 26.
This study evaluated the reliability of a face scanner in measuring the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO).
Fully dentate volunteers (n = 20; mean-age = 30.0 ± 10.7 years) were recruited. Clinical facial measurements were obtained using a digital caliper and a face scanner (Obiscanner, Fifthingenium, Italy). The scans were imported into a mesh-processing software, and the distances were measured digitally. Measurements were obtained for each participant with the jaws positioned in maximal intercuspation (MI) and with increased vertical distances of 2, 4, and 6 mm. Vertical and horizontal measures were obtained using facial anatomical landmarks: Glabella (GL), Pronasale (PrN), Subnasale (SbN), inferior border of the right and left Alare, Labiale superius (Ls), right and left Cheilion (Ch), Soft Pogonion (SPg), right and left Tragus of the ear (Tr), for all selected vertical positions. Data analysis included intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), pairwise comparison tests, Bland-Altman plots, and Passing-Bablok regression.
120 VDO measurements (clinical=60, digital=60) were recorded by two independent evaluators. Mean differences between digital and clinical measurements ranged from 0.054 ± 0.14 mm to 0.203 ± 0.13 mm. All parameters were strongly correlated (r > 0.93; p < 0.001). ICC estimates revealed excellent reliability, and the measuring procedure yielded the same results on repeated trials irrespective of the raters and measurement methods. Bland-Altman plots revealed a difference, between digital and clinical measurements, of 1.7 % for the vertical measurements. Regression analysis revealed no significant proportional difference between the two methods, so both can be used interchangeably.
The findings of this study demonstrate that VDO can be measured accurately from face scans using 3D mesh-processing software and that even small changes in the VDO could be detected using the digital methods.
Findings provide evidence about the reliability of a digital method for jaw relation registrations and may be applied towards incorporating this method into clinical workflows for computer-aided-design/ computer-assisted-manufacturing (CAD-CAM) dentures.
本研究评估了面扫描仪测量垂直颌距（vertical dimension of occlusion，VDO）的可靠性。
招募了 20 名全牙列志愿者（平均年龄 30.0 ± 10.7 岁）。使用数字卡尺和面扫描仪（Obiscanner，Fifthingenium，意大利）获得临床面部测量值。将扫描结果导入网格处理软件，并进行数字距离测量。在最大牙尖交错位（maximal intercuspation，MI）和增加 2、4、6mm 的垂直距离下，分别对每位参与者进行测量。使用面部解剖学标志点获得垂直和水平测量值：眉间点（glabella，GL）、前鼻棘（pronasale，PrN）、下鼻底点（subnasale，SbN）、右、左鼻翼外侧点、上唇点（labiale superius，Ls）、右、左唇珠点（cheilion，Ch）、软组织颏下点（soft pogonion，SPg）、右、左耳屏点（tragus of the ear，Tr），用于所有选定的垂直位置。数据分析包括组内相关系数（intra-class correlation coefficient，ICC）、两两比较检验、Bland-Altman 图和 Passing-Bablok 回归。
由两名独立评估员记录了 120 次 VDO 测量值（临床测量值 60 次，数字测量值 60 次）。数字测量值与临床测量值之间的平均差异范围为 0.054 ± 0.14mm 至 0.203 ± 0.13mm。所有参数均呈高度相关（r > 0.93；p < 0.001）。ICC 估计值显示出极好的可靠性，并且无论评估者和测量方法如何，测量过程在重复试验中均得出相同的结果。Bland-Altman 图显示，数字测量值与临床测量值之间的差异为 1.7%。回归分析显示，两种方法之间没有显著的比例差异，因此可以互换使用。
本研究结果表明，可以使用 3D 网格处理软件从面部扫描中准确测量 VDO，并且可以使用数字方法检测 VDO 的微小变化。
研究结果为颌位关系记录的数字方法的可靠性提供了证据，并可能应用于将该方法纳入 CAD-CAM 义齿的临床工作流程中。
