Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2024 Jul;325:104267. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2024.104267. Epub 2024 Apr 26.
The aim of this study was to characterize the breathing patterns of individuals with obesity during routine activities such as sitting and standing, and to identify potential contributors to alterations in these patterns. Measurements performed in 20 male subjects with obesity (BMI, 31.8±1.5 kg/m) and 20 controls (BMI, 23.5±1.4 kg/m) included anthropometric parameters, breathing-patterns in sitting and standing positions, spirometry, maximal respiratory pressures, and diaphragm B-mode ultrasonography. Individuals with obesity exhibited lower tidal volume and increased respiratory rate to maintain a similar minute-ventilation (p<0.05). Subjects with obesity demonstrated impaired spirometry and respiratory muscle strength, with inspiratory functions being notably compromised (p<0.05). Individuals with obesity had a greater diaphragm thickness at end inspiration but lower thickening-fraction at end quiet and forced breathings and reduced diaphragmatic displacement and excursion during maximal breaths (p<0.05). BMI was negatively associated with all respiratory function markers (p<0.05). Individuals with obesity exhibit a higher respiratory rate but lower tidal volume, likely to accommodate decreased compliance and excess thoracic and abdominal fat, further hindering inspiratory function. Moreover, increased adiposity is associated with a thicker but weaker diaphragm, primarily due to the diaphragm's mechanical disadvantage rather than its intrinsic inability to generate force.
本研究旨在描述肥胖个体在日常活动（如坐立）中的呼吸模式，并确定导致这些模式改变的潜在因素。在 20 名肥胖男性受试者（BMI，31.8±1.5kg/m）和 20 名对照者（BMI，23.5±1.4kg/m）中进行了以下测量：人体测量参数、坐立位呼吸模式、肺量测定、最大呼吸压力和膈肌 B 型超声。肥胖个体表现出较低的潮气量和增加的呼吸频率以维持相似的分钟通气量（p<0.05）。肥胖者的肺量测定和呼吸肌力量受损，吸气功能明显受损（p<0.05）。肥胖者在吸气末膈肌厚度更大，但在静息和用力呼吸末膈肌增厚率更低，最大呼吸时膈肌位移和偏移减少（p<0.05）。BMI 与所有呼吸功能标志物呈负相关（p<0.05）。肥胖个体表现出较高的呼吸频率但较低的潮气量，这可能是由于顺应性降低和过多的胸腹部脂肪，进一步阻碍了吸气功能。此外，肥胖与更厚但更弱的膈肌相关，主要是由于膈肌的力学劣势，而不是其内在的无力产生力量。
