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Gram-negative bacteria use the T6SS to eject effectors into prey cells, aided by delivery domains. Recently uncovered by Carobbi et al., a new delivery domain, PIX, allowed the identification of hundreds of new effectors. They are order- and function-specific and exclusively orphan effectors, raising novel questions in the field.

革兰氏阴性菌使用 T6SS 将效应蛋白注入猎物细胞，这一过程得到了输送结构域的帮助。最近，Carobbi 等人发现了一个新的输送结构域 PIX，这使得数百种新的效应蛋白被鉴定出来。这些效应蛋白具有特定的顺序和功能，且都是孤儿效应蛋白，这在该领域引发了新的问题。