Genome-wide identification and analysis of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) gene family in hemp ( L.) under various abiotic stresses.

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) plays a critical role in molecular mechanisms such as plant development and defense against abiotic stresses. As an important economic crop, hemp ( L.) is vulnerable to adverse environmental conditions, such as drought, cold, salt, and oxidative stress, which lead to a decline in yield and quality. Although genes have been characterized in a variety of plants, members of the gene family in hemp have not been completely identified. In this study, we (1) identified eight members of the gene family in hemp and mapped their locations on the chromosomes using bioinformatics analysis; (2) examined the physicochemical characteristics of the proteins encoded by these gene family members; (3) investigated their intraspecific collinearity, gene structure, conserved domains, conserved motifs, and cis-acting elements; (4) constructed a phylogenetic tree and analyzed interspecific collinearity; and (5) ascertained expression differences in leaf tissue subjected to cold, drought, salt, and oxidative stresses using quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR). Under all four stresses, , , and consistently exhibited significant upregulation, whereas displayed notably higher expression levels under drought stress than under the other stresses. Taken together, the results of this study provide basic genomic information on the expression of the APX gene family and pave the way for studying the role of APX genes in abiotic stress.