Liu Yating, Azad Md Abul Kalam, Zhao Xichen, Kong Xiangfeng
Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.
College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Apr 16;15:1398919. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1398919. eCollection 2024.
Adequate crude protein (CP) content in diets plays a crucial role in the intestinal health of the animal. This study investigated the impacts of CP content in diets on the intestinal microbiome and metabolome profiles in growing Huanjiang mini-pigs.
A total of 360 pigs with similar body weight (BW) were allocated for three independent feeding trials based on three different BW stages, including (i) 5-10 kg BW, diets consisting of 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22% CP content; (ii) 10-20 kg BW, diets consisting of 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20% CP content; and (iii) 20-30 kg BW, diets consisting of 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18% CP content. These experiments lasted 28, 28, and 26 days, respectively.
The results showed that the Shannon and Simpson indices were decreased ( < 0.05) in the ileum of pigs in response to the 14-18% CP compared with the 20% CP content at 5-10 kg BW stage, while diets containing 12 and 14% CP had higher Chao1 ( < 0.05) and Shannon ( = 0.054) indices compared with 18% CP at 20-30 kg BW stage. Compared with the 20% CP, the diet containing 16% CP displayed an increasing trend ( = 0.089) of Firmicutes abundance but had decreased ( = 0.056) Actinobacteria abundance in the jejunum at 5-10 kg BW stage. In addition, a diet containing 16% CP had higher abundance in the jejunum and ileum compared with the 18, 20, and 22% CP, while had lower and abundances in the jejunum and abundance in the ileum compared with the diet containing 22% CP ( < 0.05). Diets containing lower CP content altered differential metabolites in the small intestine at the early stage, while higher CP content had less impact.
These findings suggest that a diet containing lower CP content (16% CP) may be an appropriate dietary CP content for 5-10 kg Huanjiang mini-pigs, as 16% CP content in diet has shown beneficial impacts on the intestinal microbiome and metabolome profiles at the early growth stage of pigs.
日粮中充足的粗蛋白（CP）含量对动物肠道健康起着至关重要的作用。本研究调查了日粮中CP含量对生长中的环江香猪肠道微生物组和代谢组谱的影响。
将360头体重相似的猪根据三个不同体重阶段分配到三个独立的饲养试验中，包括：（i）体重5 - 10千克，日粮粗蛋白含量分别为14%、16%、18%、20%和22%；（ii）体重10 - 20千克，日粮粗蛋白含量分别为12%、14%、16%、18%和20%；（iii）体重20 - 30千克，日粮粗蛋白含量分别为10%、12%、14%、16%和18%。这些实验分别持续28天、28天和26天。
结果表明，在5 - 10千克体重阶段，与20% CP含量的日粮相比，14 - 18% CP含量的日粮使猪回肠中的香农指数和辛普森指数降低（< 0.05）；而在20 - 30千克体重阶段，含12%和14% CP的日粮与含18% CP的日粮相比，具有更高的Chao1指数（< 0.05）和香农指数（= 0.054）。在5 - 10千克体重阶段，与20% CP含量的日粮相比，含16% CP的日粮在空肠中显示出厚壁菌门丰度增加的趋势（= 0.089），但放线菌门丰度降低（= 0.056）。此外，与含18%、20%和22% CP的日粮相比，含16% CP的日粮在空肠和回肠中有更高的 丰度，而与含22% CP的日粮相比，在空肠中的 和 丰度较低，在回肠中的 丰度较低（< 0.05）。低CP含量的日粮在早期会改变小肠中的差异代谢物，而高CP含量的影响较小。
这些发现表明，含较低CP含量（16% CP）的日粮可能是5 - 10千克环江香猪适宜的日粮CP含量，因为日粮中16% CP的含量在猪早期生长阶段对肠道微生物组和代谢组谱显示出有益影响。
