Ashique Abdulhameed Syed, Riyaz Ss Mohamed Abdulcader, Almutairy Mohammed, Khan N Salman, Jayakumar Saikarthik, Gaonkar Prachi
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental Vollege and Hospital, Chennai, IND.
Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Science, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Ar Rass, SAU.
Cureus. 2024 Mar 31;16(3):e57301. doi: 10.7759/cureus.57301. eCollection 2024 Mar.
When it comes to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, the structures of the upper and lower airway space are crucial because of the role they play in craniofacial development.
The major objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of lateral cephalogram in the evaluation of upper and lower pharyngeal space by comparing it to clinical usage of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in quantifying the 3D morphology of the pharyngeal airway.
In total, 70 patients were included in the study. They had both a CBCT scan and a lateral cephalogram performed within a week of each other. Different cephalometric landmarks have been utilized to estimate linear and area dimensions for use in lateral cephalogram airway investigations. By superimposing the lateral cephalogram measurement of the vertical height of the pharyngeal airway over axial CBCT slices of 0.8 to 1 mm in thickness, airway volumes were calculated. For this study, we measured the pharyngeal airway space in each patient in two dimensions (2D) using the airway area from the lateral cephalogram and in three dimensions (3D) using the airway volume from the CBCT scan over the same region of interest, using a uniform scale and magnification throughout all split 3D volumes.
The mean value of the area of pharyngeal space calculated by lateral cephalograph analysis (LCA) was 336.35 ± 86.49 mm. The maximum value was 551.234 mm. The minimum value was 206.32 mm. The mean value of the volume of the same area calculated using CBCT was 3409.11 ± 1237.96 mm. The maximum value was 5887.23 mm. When the area calculated using LCA was compared with the volume calculated using CBCT, the correlation between them was significant statistically (r=0.831, p-value =0.000). The mean values of volume evaluated in 3D CBCT in males were 4198±1008 mm while for females it was 2980±1134.5 mm. During the statistical analysis, these observations were found to have a positive correlation with increased volume of pharyngeal space in males as compared to that of females (p=0.006). The values of the area of pharyngeal space calculated using LCA in males was 370.1±60.9 mm while it was 301.9±88 mm in females.
The area estimated for the pharyngeal airway on LCA correlates strongly with the volume determined by a CBCT scan. Since we have considered pharyngeal space analysis using CBCT to be a reliable and standard methodology, therefore a positive correlation of area calculated using LCA with volume calculated using CBCT shows that the analysis made by LCA can be reliable.
在正畸诊断和治疗计划中，上下气道空间的结构至关重要，因为它们在颅面发育中发挥着作用。
本研究的主要目的是通过将头颅侧位片与锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）在量化咽气道三维形态的临床应用进行比较，评估头颅侧位片在评估上下咽腔空间方面的准确性。
本研究共纳入70例患者。他们在一周内分别进行了CBCT扫描和头颅侧位片检查。使用了不同的头影测量标志点来估计线性和面积尺寸，用于头颅侧位片气道研究。通过将头颅侧位片测量的咽气道垂直高度叠加在厚度为0.8至1毫米的轴向CBCT切片上，计算气道体积。在本研究中，我们使用统一的比例和放大倍数，在所有分割的三维体积的相同感兴趣区域，使用头颅侧位片的气道面积在二维（2D）上测量每位患者的咽气道空间，并使用CBCT扫描的气道体积在三维（3D）上测量。
头颅侧位片分析（LCA）计算的咽腔空间面积平均值为336.35±86.49平方毫米。最大值为551.234平方毫米。最小值为206.32平方毫米。使用CBCT计算的同一区域体积平均值为3409.11±1237.96立方毫米。最大值为5887.23立方毫米。当将LCA计算的面积与CBCT计算的体积进行比较时，它们之间的相关性具有统计学意义（r = 0.831，p值 = 0.000）。男性在三维CBCT中评估的体积平均值为4198±1008立方毫米，而女性为2980±1134.5立方毫米。在统计分析中，发现这些观察结果与男性咽腔空间体积增加呈正相关，与女性相比（p = 0.006）。男性使用LCA计算的咽腔空间面积值为370.1±60.9平方毫米，而女性为301.9±88平方毫米。
LCA估计的咽气道面积与CBCT扫描确定的体积密切相关。由于我们认为使用CBCT进行咽腔空间分析是一种可靠的标准方法，因此LCA计算的面积与CBCT计算的体积呈正相关表明LCA进行的分析是可靠的。
