Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA; email:
Fundecitrus, Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2024 Sep;62(1):243-262. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-121423-041921. Epub 2024 Aug 22.
São Paulo, Brazil, and Florida, USA, were the two major orange production areas in the world until Huanglongbing (HLB) was discovered in São Paulo in 2004 and Florida in 2005. In the absence of resistant citrus varieties, HLB is the most destructive citrus disease known because of the lack of effective tools to reduce spread of the vector, (Asian citrus psyllid), and transmission of the associated pathogen, Liberibacter asiaticus. In both countries, a three-pronged management approach was recommended and begun: planting only disease-free nursery trees, effective psyllid control, and removal of all symptomatic trees. In Brazil, these management procedures were continued and improved and resulted in relatively little overall loss of production. In contrast, in Florida the citrus industry has been devastated with annual production reduced by approximately 80%. This review compares and contrasts various cultural and pest management strategies that have been used to reduce infection by the pathogen and increase tolerance of HLB in the main orange-growing regions in the world.
巴西圣保罗和美国佛罗里达州曾是世界上两个主要的橙子生产地区，直到 2004 年在圣保罗和 2005 年在佛罗里达州发现黄龙病（HLB）。由于缺乏有效工具来减少传播媒介（亚洲柑橘木虱）和相关病原体（亚洲韧皮杆菌）的传播，HLB 是已知最具破坏性的柑橘病害。在这两个国家，都推荐并开始采用三管齐下的管理方法：只种植无病苗圃树、有效控制木虱和清除所有有症状的树木。在巴西，这些管理程序得到了延续和改进，因此总体产量损失相对较小。相比之下，在佛罗里达州，柑橘产业遭受了重创，年产量减少了约 80%。本综述比较和对比了世界主要橙子种植地区用于减少病原体感染和增加 HLB 耐受性的各种文化和害虫管理策略。
