Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
Natl Med J India. 2023 Jul-Aug;36(4):233-240. doi: 10.25259/NMJI_637_21.
Background Anaemia is a serious public health problem. It is the second-commonest contributing factor to years lost by adolescents to disability and death. Targeting adolescent girls will allow a window of opportunity to correct their nutritional health and improve their obstetric outcomes. Studies in India have reported varying prevalence rates of anaemia among adolescent girls. Hence, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based studies to obtain a comprehensive pooled estimate of the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls in India. Methods We did a systematic electronic search in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google scholar to retrieve community-based studies that reported the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls (10-19 years) in India, without any date or language restriction. To estimate the pooled prevalence and heterogeneity, the random-effects model and I2 statistical methods were used. We did subgroup analyses based on geographical region, study setting, method used to measure haemoglobin concentration, and year of publication. Results We included 35 studies in this meta-analysis comprising 152 640 participants. The pooled prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls was 65.7% (95% CI 59.3%- 71.9%). There was significant heterogeneity between the studies (I2 99.6%; p<0.001). Conclusion There is a high prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls in India. While all regions of the country have a high prevalence, tribal areas need special attention. Targeted actions need to focus on the identification of determinants of anaemia apart from iron supplementation.
背景
贫血是一个严重的公共卫生问题。它是导致青少年残疾和死亡的第二大常见因素。以青少年女孩为目标，可以为纠正她们的营养健康和改善产科结局提供一个机会窗口。印度的研究报告了青少年女孩贫血的患病率存在差异。因此，我们对基于社区的研究进行了系统评价和荟萃分析，以获得印度青少年女孩贫血患病率的综合汇总估计。
方法
我们在 PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library 和 Google Scholar 中进行了系统的电子检索，以检索报告印度青少年女孩（10-19 岁）贫血患病率的基于社区的研究，没有任何日期或语言限制。为了估计汇总的患病率和异质性，使用随机效应模型和 I2 统计方法。我们根据地理位置、研究地点、用于测量血红蛋白浓度的方法和出版物年份进行了亚组分析。
结果
我们在荟萃分析中纳入了 35 项研究，共纳入 152640 名参与者。青少年女孩贫血的总患病率为 65.7%（95%CI 59.3%-71.9%）。研究之间存在显著的异质性（I2 99.6%；p<0.001）。
结论
印度青少年女孩贫血的患病率很高。虽然该国所有地区的患病率都很高，但部落地区需要特别关注。有针对性的行动需要除了铁补充剂之外，还要关注贫血决定因素的确定。
