Gebauer Sandra, Pompermayer Katiane, de Oliveira Daian Guilherme Pinto, da Silva Pinto Fabiana Gisele, Rosset Jéssica, Bandeira Debora Marina, de Souza E Silva Gabriela Trindade, de Oliveira Murilo Silva, Silva Geraldo Humberto, Alves Luis Francisco Angeli, Carvalho Geraldo Andrade, de Oliveira Denilson Ferreira, Alves Dejane Santos
Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná, Campus Santa Helena. Prolongamento da Rua Cerejeira, S/N. Bairro São Luiz, Santa Helena, Paraná, 85892-000, Brazil.
Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 1619, Bairro Universitário, Cascavel, Paraná, 85819-110, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 May;31(23):34010-34027. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-33484-7. Epub 2024 May 2.
The botanical insecticide market is growing because of limitations placed on the use of certain synthetic chemical insecticides. In this sense, the lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperius (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is the main poultry pest. The insect causes weight loss and damage to the digestive system of poultry, and it is a vector and reservoir of pathogens. Consequently, this study explored the following hypotheses: (i) essential oils (EOs) derived from Mentha spp. are toxic to A. diaperius; (ii) these EOs are compatible with Beauveria bassiana, the natural enemy of the poultry pest, that parasite A. diaperinus; (iii) these EOs also exhibit activity against bacteria that are pathogenic to poultry. In topical applications and ingestion tests, EOs from Mentha arvensis, Mentha spicata, and Mentha piperita were toxic to A. diaperinus. Chromatographic analyses revealed that menthol is the predominant compound in M. arvensis and M. piperita, whereas carvone is the major compound in M. spicata. Both (-)- and (+)-menthol, along with (-)- and (+)-carvone, underwent testing with A. diaperinus. Nevertheless, their activity was not as potent as those of the EOs, suggesting a possible synergistic and/or additive effect. The EOs did not have any adverse effects on the conidial germination, vegetative growth, or conidia production per colony of the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana. Consequently, these EOs are compatible with this natural enemy. The EO extracted from M. spicata exhibited significant toxicity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), whereas the remaining EOs displayed moderate toxicity against this bacterium. The EOs derived from Mentha spp., as assessed in this study, hold promise for the development of botanical insecticides tailored for the control of A. diaperinus. These insecticides are selective in favor of the natural enemy B. bassiana and can also serve as effective sanitizers, thanks to their antibacterial properties.
由于某些合成化学杀虫剂的使用受到限制，植物源杀虫剂市场正在不断发展。从这个意义上讲，小黄粉虫Alphitobius diaperius（鞘翅目：拟步甲科）是家禽的主要害虫。这种昆虫会导致家禽体重减轻并损害其消化系统，并且它还是病原体的传播媒介和宿主。因此，本研究探讨了以下假设：（i）薄荷属植物提取的精油（EOs）对小黄粉虫有毒；（ii）这些精油与家禽害虫的天敌球孢白僵菌兼容，球孢白僵菌会寄生于小黄粉虫；（iii）这些精油对家禽的病原菌也具有活性。在局部应用和摄食试验中，来自薄荷、留兰香和胡椒薄荷的精油对小黄粉虫有毒。色谱分析表明，薄荷醇是薄荷和胡椒薄荷中的主要化合物，而香芹酮是留兰香中的主要化合物。（-）-薄荷醇、（+）-薄荷醇以及（-）-香芹酮和（+）-香芹酮都对小黄粉虫进行了测试。然而，它们的活性不如精油强，这表明可能存在协同和/或加和效应。这些精油对昆虫病原真菌球孢白僵菌的分生孢子萌发、营养生长或每菌落的分生孢子产生没有任何不利影响。因此，这些精油与这种天敌兼容。从留兰香中提取的精油对金黄色葡萄球菌（ATCC 25923）表现出显著毒性，而其余精油对该细菌表现出中等毒性。本研究评估的薄荷属植物精油有望开发出专门用于控制小黄粉虫的植物源杀虫剂。这些杀虫剂对天敌球孢白僵菌具有选择性，并且由于其抗菌特性，还可以用作有效的消毒剂。
