Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Câmpus Cascavel. Rua Universitária 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85819-110 Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil.
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Câmpus Santa Helena. Prolongamento da Rua Cerejeira, s/n Bairro São Luis, 85892-000 Santa Helena, Paraná, Brazil.
Vet Parasitol. 2021 Feb;290:109341. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109341. Epub 2021 Jan 5.
Dermanyssus gallinae(De Geer) (Acari: Dermanyssidae) is the main ectoparasite associated with laying poultry. This mite is commonly controlled by the application of synthetic chemical insecticides, wich lead to the selection of resistant populations and formation of residues in eggs. Thus, new molecules must be developed to control D. gallinae. This work evaluated the toxicity of essential oils (EOs) from Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum camphora var. linalooliferum, Citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium var. bergamia, Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus reticulata var. tangerine against D. gallinae. Additionally, the chemical profiles of the most bioactive EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the major compounds were subjected to new tests using D. gallinae. The most toxic EOs against D. gallinae were evaluated for the nontarget entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Unioeste 88). The EOs from C. cassia (LC = 25.43 ± 1.0423 μg/cm) and C. camphora var. linalooliferum (LC = 39.84 ± 1.9635 μg/cm) were the most active in the fumigant bioassay and caused mortality rates of 96 and 61%, respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed that the major constituents of EOs from C. cassia and C. camphora var. linalooliferum were trans-cinnamaldehyde and linalool, respectively. The pure compounds, trans-cinnamaldehyde (LC = 68.89 ± 3.1391 μg/cm) and linalool (LC = 51.45 ± 1.1967 μg/cm), were tested on D. gallinae and showed lower toxicity than the EOs. Thus, the compounds were not the only active substances produced by C. cassia and C. camphora var. linalooliferum; moreover synergism may have occurred between the substances. The EOs from C. cassia and C. camphora var. linalooliferum were also toxic to B. bassiana (Unioeste 88). Thus, EOs from C. cassia and C. camphora var. linalooliferum are promising candidates for use in D. gallinae control, but cannot be used in conjunction with the fungus B. bassiana.
鸡皮刺螨（De Geer）（蜱螨目：鸡皮刺螨科）是与产蛋家禽相关的主要外寄生虫。这种螨虫通常通过应用合成化学杀虫剂来控制，这导致了抗药性种群的选择和鸡蛋中残留物的形成。因此，必须开发新的分子来控制鸡皮刺螨。本工作评估了肉桂（Cinnamomum cassia）、樟（Cinnamomum camphora）、芳樟（Cinnamomum camphora var. linalooliferum）、甜橙（Citrus aurantium）、佛手柑（Citrus aurantium var. bergamia）、酸橙（Citrus aurantifolia）和红桔（Citrus reticulata var. tangerine）精油（EOs）对鸡皮刺螨的毒性。此外，通过气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）分析了最具生物活性的 EOs 的化学成分，并对主要化合物进行了新的测试，以评估其对鸡皮刺螨的毒性。对非靶标昆虫病原真菌球孢白僵菌（Unioeste 88）进行了最具毒性的 EOs 评估。在熏蒸生物测定中，肉桂（LC = 25.43 ± 1.0423 μg/cm）和芳樟（LC = 39.84 ± 1.9635 μg/cm）的 EOs 最为活跃，分别导致 96%和 61%的死亡率。GC-MS 分析表明，肉桂和芳樟 EOs 的主要成分分别为反式肉桂醛和芳樟醇。纯化合物反式肉桂醛（LC = 68.89 ± 3.1391 μg/cm）和芳樟醇（LC = 51.45 ± 1.1967 μg/cm）在鸡皮刺螨上进行了测试，其毒性低于 EOs。因此，这些化合物不是肉桂和芳樟产生的唯一活性物质；此外，这些物质之间可能存在协同作用。肉桂和芳樟 EOs 对球孢白僵菌（Unioeste 88）也有毒性。因此，肉桂和芳樟 EOs 是控制鸡皮刺螨的有前途的候选物，但不能与真菌白僵菌一起使用。
