Niknejad Hadi, Hoseinvandtabar Somayeh, Panahandeh Maryam, Gholami-Borujeni Fathollah, Janipoor Reihaneh, Sarvestani Roghayeh Abedi, Saeedi Reza, Arani Mohsen Hesami, Abtahi Mehrnoosh, Rafiee Mohammad
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Heliyon. 2024 Apr 19;10(9):e29974. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29974. eCollection 2024 May 15.
Gastrointestinal illness refers to a broad range of diseases that affect the digestive system, including infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) is a powerful tool used to evaluate the risks associated with microbial pathogens in various environments. The main objective of this study was to conduct a quantitative assessment of gastrointestinal illnesses that occur as a result of exposure to and enterococci during recreational activities on the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea.
Samples were collected from the recreational beaches along the border line of the Caspian Sea. The samples were analyzed for the presence and enumeration of and enterococci using the microplate method and membrane filtration techniques. Then, the annual and daily infection risks were computed using the Monte Carlo simulation approach.
The results revealed that the risk of daily and annual infections on the coasts of Babolsar was higher than that on the coasts of Sari. Also, in the recreational waters of these beaches, the risk of infection by enterococci was higher than that posed by . In Babolsar, the average annual infection risk caused by and enterococci was 0.365 and 1 for children and 0.181 and 0.986 for adults. Also, in Sari, the average annual infection risk caused by and enterococci was 0.060 and 0.908 for children and 0.027 and 0.815 for adults. In addition, children were more likely than adults to become infected.
In light of the study's findings, due to the entry of untreated urban wastewater into the southern part of the Caspian Sea (northern Iran) and the high risk of infectious diseases for children, more control and health measures are necessary for children's swimming.
胃肠道疾病是指影响消化系统的一系列广泛疾病，包括由细菌、病毒和寄生虫引起的感染。定量微生物风险评估（QMRA）是一种用于评估各种环境中与微生物病原体相关风险的有力工具。本研究的主要目的是对里海南部海岸休闲活动期间因接触大肠杆菌和肠球菌而发生的胃肠道疾病进行定量评估。
从里海边界沿线的休闲海滩采集样本。使用微孔板法和膜过滤技术分析样本中大肠杆菌和肠球菌的存在及数量。然后，采用蒙特卡洛模拟方法计算年度和每日感染风险。
结果显示，巴博勒萨尔海岸的每日和年度感染风险高于萨里海岸。此外，在这些海滩的休闲水域中，肠球菌引起的感染风险高于大肠杆菌。在巴博勒萨尔，儿童因大肠杆菌和肠球菌导致的年均感染风险分别为0.365和1，成人为0.181和0.986。同样，在萨里，儿童因大肠杆菌和肠球菌导致的年均感染风险分别为0.060和0.908，成人为0.027和0.815。此外，儿童比成人更容易感染。
根据该研究结果，由于未经处理的城市污水流入里海南部（伊朗北部），且儿童感染传染病的风险较高，因此对儿童游泳需要采取更多的控制和健康措施。
