Omar Saeed M, Osman Osman M, Al-Nafeesah Abdullah, AlEed Ashwaq, Alfaifi Jaber, Adam Ishag
Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan.
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
Front Neurol. 2024 Apr 17;15:1373890. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1373890. eCollection 2024.
Headache disorder is the second-highest cause of disability worldwide; however, data are scarce on headache among adolescents, especially in Africa. There has yet to be published data on headache among adolescents in Sudan, the third-largest country in Africa. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of primary headache disorders and associated factors among adolescents (10-19 years) in eastern Sudan.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Gadarif in eastern Sudan. Questionnaires were used to gather the adolescents' sociodemographic characteristics. Headache diagnostic questions were based on the beta version of the International Classification of Headache Disorders-III (ICHD-3). Multivariate analysis was conducted to assess the associated factors for primary headache disorders, and the results were expressed as risk ratios (RRs) and 95.0% confidence interval (CI).
Of the 401 enrolled adolescents, 186 (46.4%) and 215 (53.6%) were male and female, respectively. The median (IQR) age was 14.0 (12.1-16.2) years. Eighty-one (20.2%) of the 401 adolescents reported experiencing primary headache disorders, including migraine with aura in 16 (4.0%), migraine without aura in 33 (8.2%), tension-type in 14 (3.5%), and undifferentiated headache in 18 (4.5%) adolescents. The prevalence of primary headache disorders was significantly higher in females than in males [55/215 (67.9%) vs. 26/186 (32.1%), = 0.004]. In the multivariate analysis, increased age ( = 1.09, 95.0 = 1.02-1.16) and being female ( = 1.75, 95.0 = 1.14-2.67) were associated with increased RR of primary headache disorders. Parents' education level and occupation, smoking/snuff use, and body mass index were not associated with primary headache disorders.
One-fifth of the adolescents in eastern Sudan reported experiencing primary headache disorders, which was more common in females and with increased age.
头痛障碍是全球第二大致残原因；然而，关于青少年头痛的数据很少，尤其是在非洲。苏丹是非洲第三大国，目前尚未发表关于该国青少年头痛情况的数据。本研究旨在评估苏丹东部青少年（10 - 19岁）原发性头痛障碍的患病率及相关因素。
在苏丹东部的加达里夫市进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。通过问卷收集青少年的社会人口学特征。头痛诊断问题基于《国际头痛疾病分类第三版》（ICHD - 3）的β版。进行多变量分析以评估原发性头痛障碍的相关因素，结果以风险比（RRs）和95.0%置信区间（CI）表示。
在401名纳入研究的青少年中，男性186名（46.4%），女性215名（53.6%）。年龄中位数（四分位间距）为14.0（12.1 - 16.2）岁。401名青少年中有81名（20.2%）报告患有原发性头痛障碍，其中16名（4.0%）为有先兆偏头痛，33名（8.2%）为无先兆偏头痛，14名（3.5%）为紧张型头痛，18名（4.5%）为未分化头痛。原发性头痛障碍的患病率女性显著高于男性[55/215（67.9%）对26/186（32.1%），P = 0.004]。在多变量分析中，年龄增加（RR = 1.09，95.0%CI = 1.02 - 1.16）和女性（RR = 1.75，95.0%CI = 1.14 - 2.67）与原发性头痛障碍的RR增加相关。父母的教育水平和职业、吸烟/吸鼻烟情况以及体重指数与原发性头痛障碍无关。
苏丹东部五分之一的青少年报告患有原发性头痛障碍，在女性中更常见，且随年龄增加而增多。
