Institute of Forensic Sciences and Legal Medicine, Department of Science, Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, 34500, Buyukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 May;31(23):33975-33992. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-33362-2. Epub 2024 May 2.
Inorganic elements are added to toys as impurities to give desired stability, brightness, flexibility, and color; however, these elements may cause numerous health issues after acute or chronic exposure. In this study, the inorganic profile of 14 elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Se, Sb, Pb, and Zn) in 63 toy makeup products was identified by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry after microwave acid digestion method. Additionally, organic allergen fragrance was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The systemic exposure dosage (SED), margin of safety (MoS), lifetime cancer risk (LCR), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard indices were used to assess the safety evaluation. Then, 57 out of 63 samples (90.48%) exceeded the limits at least for one toxic element with descending order Ni > Cr > Co > Pb > Sb > Cd > As > Hg. The SED values were compared with tolerable daily intake values and remarkably differences were found for Al and Pb. The MoS values for 57.15% of samples exceeded the limit value for Al, As, Cd, Co, Hg, Mn, Sb, and Zn elements. The LCR values were observed at 100% (n = 63), 79.37% (n = 50), 85.71% (n = 54), 77.78% (n = 49), and 18.87% (n = 10) for Cr, Ni, As, Pb, and Cd, respectively. Also, the skin sensitization risks were obtained for Cr and Ni at 26.980% (n = 17) and 9.52% (n = 6), respectively. The HQ values for 80% of samples were found to be ≥ 1 at least for one parameter. The investigation of fragrance allergens in samples did not show any significant ingredients. As a result, toy makeup products marketed in local stores were found to be predominantly unsafe. Children should be protected from harmful chemicals by regular monitoring and strict measures.
在玩具中添加无机元素作为杂质，以赋予其所需的稳定性、亮度、柔韧性和颜色；然而，这些元素在急性或慢性暴露后可能会导致许多健康问题。在这项研究中，使用微波酸消解法后，通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法确定了 63 种玩具化妆品中 14 种元素（Al、As、Ba、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Ni、Se、Sb、Pb 和 Zn）的无机成分。此外，还通过气相色谱-质谱法研究了有机过敏原香料。采用系统暴露剂量（SED）、安全余量（MoS）、终身癌症风险（LCR）、危害商数（HQ）和危害指数进行安全性评估。然后，63 个样本中有 57 个（90.48%）至少有一个有毒元素超过限量，按降序排列为 Ni > Cr > Co > Pb > Sb > Cd > As > Hg。SED 值与可耐受日摄入量值进行了比较，发现 Al 和 Pb 存在显著差异。57.15%的样本 MoS 值超过了 Al、As、Cd、Co、Hg、Mn、Sb 和 Zn 元素的限值。LCR 值在 100%（n=63）、79.37%（n=50）、85.71%（n=54）、77.78%（n=49）和 18.87%（n=10）处观察到，分别为 Cr、Ni、As、Pb 和 Cd。此外，Cr 和 Ni 的皮肤致敏风险分别为 26.980%（n=17）和 9.52%（n=6）。80%的样本的 HQ 值至少有一个参数≥1。对样本中香料过敏原的调查没有显示出任何显著的成分。因此，发现当地商店销售的玩具化妆品主要不安全。应通过定期监测和严格措施保护儿童免受有害化学物质的侵害。
