Ketineni Sunilkumar, Chilakalapudi Malathi, Dandamudi Srilaxmi, Sundaramoorthy Surendarnath, Amesho Kassian T T, Jayachandran Sheela
School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT-AP University, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Department of Chemistry, Dhanekula Institute of Engineering and Technology (A), Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 May 2. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-33418-3.
Internet of Things (IoT) makes connectivity between physical devices which are embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity that let them to communicate and transfer data. This technology makes it possible to collect and transfer data from a vast network device, opening the door to the development of automatic and more efficiency systems. The term "waste management" refers to all of the responsibilities essential to regulate trash, from the point of gathering through reusing and monitoring. Reducing the hazardous consequences of such garbage on the environment and human health is the goal of waste management. By considering these hazardous consequences, this research work is interested in working on an efficient waste management system. The utilization of IoT devices enables municipalities to optimize waste management operations by leveraging data insights. This information aids in scheduling waste collections more effectively and planning optimal routes. Therefore, the research work proposes an IoT-based waste management system with two vital processes such as IoT routing and waste management. At first, routing in IoT is done by proposing hybrid optimization algorithm named Snake Optimization Updated Beluga Whale Optimization algorithm (SOUBWO) under constraints such as distance, energy, link quality, delay, and trust. Secondly, waste management is worked on by following steps including pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. The waste images collected by IoT devices are transmitted from source node (SN) to destination node (DN) by optimal routing. Those transmitted waste images are pre-processed by Wiener filtering process. Consequently, the pre-processed images are segmented by employing proposed Balanced Iterative Reducing and Clustering Using Hierarchies-Altered Distance Metrics (BIRCH-ADM) algorithm. Subsequently, features such as multi-text on histogram feature, proposed Local Gabor XOR Pattern (LGXP)-based feature using novel image processing techniques, and statistical features are extracted. Finally, these extracted features are efficiently classified by hybrid classification model which is formed by integrating conventional deep maxout and Bidirectional-Long Short Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) networks. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through various analyses, including performance and statistical analyses. Moreover, the proposed scheme demonstrates minimal energy consumption, with a recorded value of 0.123. In contrast, conventional methodologies exhibit higher energy consumption, with values such as SOA = 0.237, BWO = 0.146, BES = 0.183, SMO = 0.158, CHOA = 0.174, and PSO = 0.189, respectively. By this hybrid classification model, the process of classification on waste is effectively done and moreover its effectiveness is proved by various analyses.
物联网（IoT）实现了嵌入传感器、软件和连接功能的物理设备之间的连接，使它们能够通信和传输数据。这项技术使得从庞大的网络设备中收集和传输数据成为可能，为自动且更高效的系统开发打开了大门。术语“废物管理”指的是从收集到再利用和监测等管理垃圾所需的所有职责。减少此类垃圾对环境和人类健康的有害影响是废物管理的目标。考虑到这些有害影响，本研究致力于开发一种高效的废物管理系统。物联网设备的使用使市政当局能够通过利用数据洞察力来优化废物管理操作。这些信息有助于更有效地安排垃圾收集并规划最佳路线。因此，本研究提出了一种基于物联网的废物管理系统，该系统包含两个重要流程，即物联网路由和废物管理。首先，物联网中的路由是通过在距离、能量、链路质量、延迟和信任等约束条件下提出名为蛇优化更新白鲸优化算法（SOUBWO）的混合优化算法来完成的。其次，废物管理按以下步骤进行，包括预处理、分割、特征提取和分类。物联网设备收集的废物图像通过最优路由从源节点（SN）传输到目标节点（DN）。那些传输的废物图像通过维纳滤波过程进行预处理。随后，采用提出的平衡迭代规约和层次聚类 - 改变距离度量（BIRCH - ADM）算法对预处理后的图像进行分割。接着，提取诸如直方图特征上的多文本、使用新颖图像处理技术提出的基于局部伽柏异或模式（LGXP）的特征以及统计特征等特征。最后，这些提取的特征通过由传统深度最大池化和双向长短期记忆（Bi - LSTM）网络集成形成的混合分类模型进行有效分类。通过各种分析，包括性能和统计分析，验证了所提方法的有效性。此外，所提方案展示出最低的能耗，记录值为0.123。相比之下，传统方法的能耗更高，例如SOA = 0.237、BWO = 0.146、BES = 0.183、SMO = 0.158、CHOA = 0.174和PSO = 0.189。通过这种混合分类模型，有效地完成了对废物的分类过程，并且通过各种分析证明了其有效性。
