Senusi Wardah, Ahmad Mardiana Idayu, Binhweel Fozy, Shalfoh Ehsan, Alsaedi Sami, Shakir Mohammad Aliff
Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 May;31(23):33239-33258. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-33533-1. Epub 2024 May 2.
Biodiesel serves as a viable alternative to traditional diesel due to its non-toxicity, biodegradability, and lower environmental footprint. Among the diverse edible and inedible feedstocks, waste frying oil emerges as a promising and affordable feedstock for biodiesel production. Commonly waste frying oils include those derived from palm, corn, sunflower, soybean, rapeseed, and canola. The primary challenge related to biodiesel production technologies is the high production cost, which poses a significant barrier to its widespread adoption. Thus, refining the production techniques is essential to enhance yield, reduce capital expenditure, and curtail raw material expenses. An examination of the research focusing on feedstock availability, production, hurdles, operational expenditures, and future potential is pivotal for identifying the most economically and technically viable solutions. This paper critically reviews such research by exploring feedstock availability, production techniques, challenges, and costs intrinsic to biodiesel synthesis. It also underscores the economic feasibility of biodiesel production, shedding light on the pivotal factors that influence profitability, especially when leveraging waste frying oils. Through an in-depth understanding of these considerations, optimal production and feedstock choices for biodiesel production can be identified. Addressing cost and production bottlenecks could potentially enhance the economic viability of waste frying oil-based biodiesel, thus fostering both environmental sustainability and more extensive adoption of biodiesel as an environmental-friendly fuel in the future.
生物柴油因其无毒、可生物降解且环境足迹较小，成为传统柴油的一种可行替代品。在各种食用和非食用原料中，废煎炸油成为生物柴油生产中一种有前景且经济实惠的原料。常见的废煎炸油包括来自棕榈、玉米、向日葵、大豆、油菜籽和芥花籽的油。与生物柴油生产技术相关的主要挑战是生产成本高昂，这对其广泛应用构成了重大障碍。因此，改进生产技术对于提高产量、降低资本支出和减少原材料成本至关重要。审视关于原料供应、生产、障碍、运营支出和未来潜力的研究，对于确定最经济和技术上可行的解决方案至关重要。本文通过探讨生物柴油合成中固有的原料供应、生产技术、挑战和成本，对这类研究进行了批判性综述。它还强调了生物柴油生产的经济可行性，揭示了影响盈利能力的关键因素，尤其是在利用废煎炸油时。通过深入理解这些因素，可以确定生物柴油生产的最佳生产和原料选择。解决成本和生产瓶颈可能会提高基于废煎炸油的生物柴油的经济可行性，从而在未来促进环境可持续性，并更广泛地采用生物柴油作为环保燃料。
