Dolinski Dariusz, Grzyb Tomasz
SWPS University.
J Soc Psychol. 2024 May 2:1-13. doi: 10.1080/00224545.2024.2348479.
The authors are proposing a theoretical model explaining the behavior of individuals tested through experiments on obedience toward authority conducted according to Milgram's paradigm. Their assumption is that the participant faces typical avoidance-avoidance conflict conditions. Participant does not want to hurt the learner in the adjacent room but he or she also does not want to harm the experimenter. The solution to this conflict, entailing hurting on of the two, may be different depending on the spatial organization of the experiment. In the study, experimental conditions were modified, so that the participant was (vs. was not) in the same room as the experimenter and was (vs. was not) in the same room as the learner. Forty individuals (20 women and 20 men) were tested in each of the four experimental conditions. It turns out that the physical presence of the experimenter was conducive to obedience, while the physical presence of the learner reduced it.
作者们提出了一个理论模型，用以解释根据米尔格拉姆范式进行的关于服从权威的实验中被试个体的行为。他们的假设是，参与者面临典型的双避冲突情境。参与者既不想伤害隔壁房间的学习者，也不想伤害实验者。这种冲突的解决方案，即必须伤害两者中的一方，可能会因实验的空间组织而有所不同。在该研究中，实验条件被改变了，使得参与者与实验者在同一房间（对比不在同一房间），且与学习者在同一房间（对比不在同一房间）。在四种实验条件下，每组测试了40个人（20名女性和20名男性）。结果表明，实验者的实际在场有利于服从，而学习者的实际在场则降低了服从程度。
