Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada; Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2024 Aug 15;258:116326. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116326. Epub 2024 Apr 22.
In conventional clinical disease diagnosis and screening based on biomarker detection, most analysis samples are collected from serum, blood. However, these invasive collection methods require specific instruments, professionals, and may lead to infection risks. Additionally, the diagnosis process suffers from untimely results. The identification of skin-related biomarkers plays an unprecedented role in early disease diagnosis. More importantly, these skin-mediated approaches for collecting biomarker-containing biofluid samples are noninvasive or minimally invasive, which is more preferable for point-of-care testing (POCT). Therefore, skin-based biomarker detection patches have been promoted, owing to their unique advantages, such as simple fabrication, desirable transdermal properties and no requirements for professional medical staff. Currently, the skin biomarkers extracted from sweat, interstitial fluid (ISF) and wound exudate, are achieved with wearable sweat patches, transdermal MN patches, and wound patches, respectively. In this review, we detail these three types of skin patches in biofluids collection and diseases-related biomarkers identification. Patch classification and the corresponding manufacturing as well as detection strategies are also summarized. The remaining challenges in clinical applications and current issues in accurate detection are discussed for further advancement of this technology (Scheme 1).
在传统的基于生物标志物检测的临床疾病诊断和筛查中，大多数分析样本都来自血清、血液。然而，这些有创的采集方法需要特定的仪器、专业人员，并且可能导致感染风险。此外，诊断过程的结果也不够及时。皮肤相关生物标志物的鉴定在早期疾病诊断中发挥了前所未有的作用。更重要的是，这些用于采集含有生物标志物的生物流体样本的皮肤介导方法是非侵入性或微创性的，这更有利于即时护理检测 (POCT)。因此，基于皮肤的生物标志物检测贴剂因其独特的优势而得到了推广，例如简单的制造、理想的经皮特性和不需要专业医疗人员。目前，从汗液、间质液 (ISF) 和伤口渗出液中提取的皮肤生物标志物分别通过可穿戴汗液贴剂、透皮 MN 贴剂和伤口贴剂来实现。在这篇综述中，我们详细介绍了这三种类型的皮肤贴剂在生物流体采集和疾病相关生物标志物识别中的应用。还总结了贴片的分类及其相应的制造和检测策略。讨论了在临床应用中存在的挑战和在准确检测方面存在的问题，以进一步推进这项技术（方案 1）。
