Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2024 May 2;110(6):1127-1136. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0329. Print 2024 Jun 5.
Animal African trypanosomiasis, also known as nagana, is caused by Trypanosoma species, which cause significant clinical diseases and lead to losses in animal production. We carried out a cross-sectional survey to investigate the composition of vectors and parasite diversity in two districts in the eastern region of Ghana where pigs and cattle were exposed to tsetse bites. We performed cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify tsetse species and internal transcribed spacer 1 PCR to identify Trypanosoma species. Also, we investigated the source of tsetse blood meal based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence analysis. A total of 229 tsetse, 65 pigs, and 20 cattle were investigated for trypanosomes. An overall vector density of 4.3 tsetse/trap/day was observed. A trypanosome prevalence of 58.9% (95% CI = 52.5-65.1%), 46.2% (95% CI = 34.6-58.1%), and 0.0% (95% CI = 0.0-16.1%) in tsetse, pigs, and cattle, respectively, was detected. Trypanosoma congolense was predominant, with a prevalence of 33.3% (95% CI = 73.3-86.5%) in tsetse. There was evidence of multiple infections in tsetse and pigs. Approximately 39% of the tsetse were positive for multiple infections of T. congolense and Trypanosoma simiae. Parasite prevalence in pigs across the communities was high, with significant differences associated between locations (χ2 = 28.06, 95% CI = 0.05-0.81, P = 0.0009). Tsetse blood meal analysis revealed feeding on domestic Sus scrofa domesticus (pigs) and Phacochoerus africanus (warthogs). Infective tsetse may transmit trypanosomes to livestock and humans in the communities studied.
动物非洲锥虫病，也称为那加那病，是由锥虫引起的，会导致严重的临床疾病，并导致动物生产损失。我们进行了横断面调查，以调查加纳东部两个地区的媒介组成和寄生虫多样性，这些地区的猪和牛都受到采采蝇的叮咬。我们进行了细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚单位 1 聚合酶链反应（PCR）来鉴定采采蝇种类，内部转录间隔区 1 PCR 来鉴定锥虫种类。此外，我们还基于线粒体细胞色素 b 基因序列分析来研究采采蝇血食的来源。总共调查了 229 只采采蝇、65 头猪和 20 头牛是否患有锥虫病。总的媒介密度为 4.3 只采采蝇/陷阱/天。采采蝇、猪和牛的锥虫病患病率分别为 58.9%（95%CI=52.5-65.1%）、46.2%（95%CI=34.6-58.1%）和 0.0%（95%CI=0.0-16.1%）。检测到主要是冈比亚锥虫，在采采蝇中的流行率为 33.3%（95%CI=73.3-86.5%）。在采采蝇和猪中都有证据表明存在多种感染。大约 39%的采采蝇同时感染了冈比亚锥虫和塞内加尔锥虫。社区内猪的寄生虫患病率很高，不同地点之间存在显著差异（χ2=28.06，95%CI=0.05-0.81，P=0.0009）。采采蝇血食分析显示，采采蝇以家养的 Sus scrofa domesticus（猪）和 Phacochoerus africanus（疣猪）为食。感染性采采蝇可能会将锥虫传播给研究社区的牲畜和人类。
