Sola Fraca Diego, Sánchez Garrigós Ernesto, de Francisco Moure Jorge, Marín Gonzalez Belén, Badiola Díez Juan José, Acín Tresaco Cristina
Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.
Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
Vet Q. 2024 Dec;44(1):1-9. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2349674. Epub 2024 May 2.
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by neuronal loss and abnormal deposition of pathological proteins in the nervous system. Among the most common neurodegenerative diseases are Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are one of the most common symptoms in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, one of the main objectives in the study of TSEs is to try to establish an early diagnosis, as clinical signs do not appear until the damage to the central nervous system is very advanced, which prevents any therapeutic approach. In this paper, we provide the first description of sleep disturbance caused by classical scrapie in clinical and preclinical sheep using polysomnography compared to healthy controls. Fifteen sheep classified into three groups, clinical, preclinical and negative control, were analysed. The results show a decrease in total sleep time as the disease progresses, with significant changes between control, clinical and pre-clinical animals. The results also show an increase in sleep fragmentation in clinical animals compared to preclinical and control animals. In addition, sheep with clinical scrapie show a total loss of Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM) and alterations in Non Rapid Eyes Movement sleep (NREM) compared to control sheep, demonstrating more shallow sleep. Although further research is needed, these results suggest that prion diseases also produce sleep disturbances in animals and that polysomnography could be a diagnostic tool of interest in clinical and preclinical cases of prion diseases.
神经退行性疾病的特征是神经元丧失以及病理蛋白在神经系统中的异常沉积。最常见的神经退行性疾病包括阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）、亨廷顿病和传染性海绵状脑病（TSEs）。睡眠和昼夜节律紊乱是神经退行性疾病患者最常见的症状之一。目前，TSEs研究的主要目标之一是试图建立早期诊断，因为直到中枢神经系统损伤非常严重时才会出现临床症状，这使得任何治疗方法都无法实施。在本文中，我们首次描述了与健康对照相比，使用多导睡眠图对临床和临床前绵羊经典瘙痒病引起的睡眠障碍。分析了分为临床、临床前和阴性对照三组的15只绵羊。结果表明，随着疾病进展，总睡眠时间减少，对照、临床和临床前动物之间存在显著变化。结果还表明，与临床前和对照动物相比，临床动物的睡眠碎片化增加。此外，与对照绵羊相比，患有临床瘙痒病的绵羊快速眼动睡眠（REM）完全丧失，非快速眼动睡眠（NREM）出现改变，表明睡眠更浅。尽管还需要进一步研究，但这些结果表明朊病毒疾病也会在动物中产生睡眠障碍，并且多导睡眠图可能是朊病毒疾病临床和临床前病例中一种有价值的诊断工具。
