Okano Junko, Nakagawa Takahiko, Kojima Hideto
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
Department of Regenerative Medicine Development, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
Front Physiol. 2024 Apr 18;15:1391640. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1391640. eCollection 2024.
Bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) are heterogeneous populations in which not only pluripotent stem cells, namely, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) but also endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are involved. BMDCs contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis and recovery from disrupted homeostasis as the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems. The skin is the largest organ in which various tissues, such as the epidermis, dermis, skin appendages (i.e., hair follicles), fats, muscles, and vessels, are tightly and systematically packed. It functions as a physical barrier to block the invasion of harmful substances and pathogenic microorganisms and properly regulate water evaporation. The skin is exposed to injuries from external stimuli because it is the outermost layer and owing to its specificity. Recovery from physical injuries and DNA mutations occurs constantly in the skin, but medical treatments are required for impaired wound healing. Recently, conservative treatments utilizing scaffolds have attracted attention as alternatives to surgical therapy, which is highly invasive. Against this background, numerous scaffolds are available in a clinical setting, although they have not surpassed surgery because of their distinct disadvantages. Here, we discuss the plasticity of BMDCs in the skin to maintain homeostasis, in addition to their critical roles on recovery from disrupted homeostasis. We also share our perspective on how scaffolds can be developed to establish scaffolds beyond surgery to regenerate skin structure during wound healing by maximally utilizing the plasticity of BMDCs.
骨髓来源的细胞（BMDCs）是异质性群体，其中不仅涉及多能干细胞，即造血干细胞（HSCs）、间充质干细胞（MSC），还涉及内皮祖细胞（EPC）。BMDCs有助于维持内环境稳态，并在免疫、内分泌和神经系统等内环境稳态被破坏时促进恢复。皮肤是最大的器官，其中各种组织，如表皮、真皮、皮肤附属器（即毛囊）、脂肪、肌肉和血管，紧密且系统地排列在一起。它作为一道物理屏障，阻止有害物质和致病微生物的侵入，并适当地调节水分蒸发。由于皮肤是最外层且具有特殊性，它容易受到外部刺激的损伤。皮肤会不断发生物理损伤后的恢复和DNA突变，但伤口愈合受损则需要医疗治疗。最近，利用支架的保守治疗作为高度侵入性手术治疗的替代方法受到了关注。在此背景下，临床中有多种支架可供使用，尽管由于其明显的缺点尚未超越手术治疗。在这里，我们除了讨论BMDCs在从内环境稳态破坏中恢复方面的关键作用外，还将探讨其在皮肤中维持内环境稳态的可塑性。我们还分享了关于如何开发支架的观点，以便通过最大程度地利用BMDCs的可塑性，建立超越手术的支架，在伤口愈合过程中再生皮肤结构。
