Lesch Kim J, Tuomisto Sanni, Tikkanen Heikki O, Venojärvi Mika
Institute of Biomedicine, Sports and Exercise Medicine University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2024 Apr 1;19(4):381-393. doi: 10.26603/001c.94612. eCollection 2024.
Evaluating an impairment in an individual's capacity to maintain, achieve, or restore balance suggests a deficiency in postural control. For effective identification of individuals at risk for falls, balance assessment should exhibit reliability, validity, and ease of use. This systematic review concentrated on dynamic and functional balance assessment methods and their validity in healthy adults aged 19-54. The objective was to clarify the tools that health professionals can utilize to assess balance in this healthy population.
A systematic literature search conducted in August 2019 yielded nine articles meeting predefined selection criteria. Inclusion criteria required studies featuring healthy adult participants aged 19-54, published in English, and focusing on dynamic and functional balance testing. Exclusion criteria excluded studies involving participants with chronic diseases or musculoskeletal disorders, systematic reviews, professional athletes, and those lacking specific participant age information. The quality of the studies was evaluated using a modified PEDro scale.
This review analyzed ten distinct postural balance tests. The Star Excursion Balance Test and Y-Balance Test exhibited moderate to high reliability, establishing them as dependable measures of dynamic balance. The Nintendo Wii Balance Board, Clever Balance Board, and Posturomed device also displayed excellent reliability for assessing dynamic postural balance. Comparing one-arm and two-arm functional reach tests, the one-arm reach test emerged as a more suitable option for evaluating dynamic balance among young adults. Moreover, an investigation comparing three dynamic balance tests (one-leg jump landing, Posturomed device, and stimulated forward fall) revealed a low correlation among these tests, indicating a measurement of different balance constructs.
In conclusion, the Y-Balance Test stands out as the most practical dynamic balance assessment for clinical use, characterized by a standardized protocol, good repeatability, affordability, and ease of application. The Nintendo Wii Balance Board also presents itself as a cost-effective and reliable tool for dynamic balance evaluation in clinical settings. It is crucial to recognize that these tests appraise discrete postural skills, preventing direct comparisons between test outcomes. This review equips healthcare professionals with valuable insights into optimal balance assessment methods for the healthy, 19 to 54 aged population.
Level 3.
评估个体维持、实现或恢复平衡能力的损伤提示姿势控制存在缺陷。为有效识别跌倒风险个体，平衡评估应具备可靠性、有效性和易用性。本系统评价聚焦于动态和功能平衡评估方法及其在19 - 54岁健康成年人中的有效性。目的是明确健康专业人员可用于评估该健康人群平衡的工具。
2019年8月进行的系统文献检索产生了9篇符合预定义选择标准的文章。纳入标准要求研究以19 - 54岁健康成年人为参与者，英文发表，且聚焦于动态和功能平衡测试。排除标准排除了涉及患有慢性疾病或肌肉骨骼疾病的参与者的研究、系统评价、职业运动员以及缺乏特定参与者年龄信息的研究。使用改良的PEDro量表评估研究质量。
本评价分析了10种不同的姿势平衡测试。星形偏移平衡测试和Y平衡测试表现出中度至高可靠性，使其成为动态平衡的可靠测量方法。任天堂Wii平衡板、智能平衡板和姿势测量仪在评估动态姿势平衡方面也显示出出色的可靠性。比较单臂和双臂功能性伸展测试，单臂伸展测试成为评估年轻成年人动态平衡的更合适选择。此外，一项比较三种动态平衡测试（单腿跳跃着陆、姿势测量仪和模拟向前跌倒）的调查显示这些测试之间的相关性较低，表明测量的是不同的平衡结构。
总之，Y平衡测试作为临床使用中最实用的动态平衡评估脱颖而出，其特点是有标准化方案、良好的可重复性、可承受性和易于应用。任天堂Wii平衡板也呈现为临床环境中动态平衡评估的经济有效且可靠的工具。必须认识到这些测试评估的是不同的姿势技能，无法直接比较测试结果。本评价为医疗保健专业人员提供了有关19至54岁健康人群最佳平衡评估方法的宝贵见解。
3级。
