Shafiee Farah Nabilah, Mohd Noor Siti Aminah, Mohd Abdah Muhammad Amirul Aizat, Jamal Siti Hasnawati, Samsuri Alinda
Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Centre for Tropicalisation, Defence Research Institute, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Heliyon. 2024 Apr 10;10(8):e29512. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29512. eCollection 2024 Apr 30.
The incorporation of intermittent renewable energy sources into a consistently controlled power transmission system hinges on advancements in energy storage technologies. Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are emerging as a primary and viable alternative material due to their electrochemical activity, presenting a potential replacement for the next generation of lithium-ion battery (LIB) energy storage materials. However, this transition may necessitate significant alterations in the anode material, given the incompatibility of the current anode with sodium ions and the electrolyte. This review provides a comprehensive summary of various anode materials employed in SIBs, categorized according to their storage mechanisms. Additionally, it explores the growing focus on utilizing hard carbon as an anode material, driven by factors such as its relatively high specific capacity compared to graphite, cost-effective production, and eco-friendly properties as it can be derived from biomass. The review further addresses recent progress in hard carbon, detailing production methods, modifications, challenges, limitations in integrating hard carbon into the anode of SIBs, and suggests potential directions for future research.
将间歇性可再生能源并入持续可控的输电系统取决于储能技术的进步。钠离子电池（SIBs）因其电化学活性正成为一种主要且可行的替代材料，有望替代下一代锂离子电池（LIB）储能材料。然而，鉴于当前的负极与钠离子和电解质不相容，这种转变可能需要对负极材料进行重大改变。本综述全面总结了用于钠离子电池的各种负极材料，并根据其存储机制进行了分类。此外，还探讨了越来越关注使用硬碳作为负极材料的原因，这是由其与石墨相比相对较高的比容量、成本效益高的生产以及可从生物质中获得的环保特性等因素驱动的。该综述进一步阐述了硬碳的最新进展，详细介绍了生产方法、改性、挑战、将硬碳集成到钠离子电池负极中的局限性，并提出了未来研究的潜在方向。
