Heurlin Jasmine, Barabás György, Roth Lina S V
IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Institute of Evolution, HUN-REN Centre for Ecological Research, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, Hungary.
PLoS One. 2024 May 3;19(5):e0302833. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302833. eCollection 2024.
Dogs have previously been shown to synchronise their behaviour with their owner and the aim of this study was to test the effect of immediate interactions, breed, and the effects of domestication. The behavioural synchronisation test was conducted in outdoor enclosures and consisted of 30 s where the owner/handler was walking and 30 s of standing still. Three studies were conducted to explore the effect of immediate interaction (study A), the effect of breed group (study B), and the effect of domestication (study C). In study A, a group of twenty companion dogs of various breeds were tested after three different human interaction treatments: Ignore, Pet, and Play. The results showed that dogs adjusted their movement pattern to align with their owner's actions regardless of treatment. Furthermore, exploration, eye contact, and movement were all influenced by the owners moving pattern, and exploration also decreased after the Play treatment. In study B, the synchronisation test was performed after the Ignore treatment on three groups: 24 dogs of ancient dog breeds, 17 solitary hunting dogs, and 20 companion dogs (data from study A). Irrespective of the group, all dogs synchronised their moving behaviour with their owner. In addition, human walking positively influenced eye contact behaviour while simultaneously decreasing exploration behaviour. In study C, a group of six socialised pack-living wolves and six similarly socialised pack-living dogs were tested after the Ignore treatment. Interestingly, these animals did not alter their moving behaviour in response to their handler. In conclusion, dogs living together with humans synchronise with their owner's moving behaviour, while wolves and dogs living in packs do not. Hence, the degree of interspecies behavioural synchronisation may be influenced by the extent to which the dogs are immersed in everyday life with humans.
此前已有研究表明，狗会使其行为与主人保持同步，本研究的目的是测试即时互动、品种以及驯化的影响。行为同步测试在户外围栏中进行，包括主人/驯兽师行走30秒和静止站立30秒。本研究开展了三项实验，以探究即时互动的影响（实验A）、品种组别的影响（实验B）以及驯化的影响（实验C）。在实验A中，一组20只不同品种的宠物狗在接受三种不同的人类互动处理后进行了测试：忽视、抚摸和玩耍。结果表明，无论接受何种处理，狗都会调整其运动模式以与主人的动作保持一致。此外，探索行为、眼神交流和运动都受到主人运动模式的影响，玩耍处理后探索行为也有所减少。在实验B中，在忽视处理后，对三组狗进行了同步测试：24只古老犬种的狗、17只独居猎犬和20只宠物狗（来自实验A的数据）。无论组别如何，所有狗都使其运动行为与主人保持同步。此外，人类行走对眼神交流行为有积极影响，同时减少了探索行为。在实验C中，一组6只社会化群居的狼和6只同样社会化群居的狗在接受忽视处理后进行了测试。有趣的是，这些动物并未因其驯兽师而改变其运动行为。总之，与人类生活在一起的狗会与主人的运动行为保持同步，而群居的狼和狗则不会。因此，种间行为同步的程度可能受狗与人类日常生活融合程度的影响。
