Wang Po, Li Jie, Xie Meng Yi, Wu Chen Chou, Wong Charles S, Zeng Eddy Y
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jun 25;931:172978. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172978. Epub 2024 May 3.
Bisphenol analogues (BPs) are commonly found in riverine and coastal waters. However, the lack of a reliable and robust passive sampling method has hindered our ability to monitor these compounds in aquatic systems. The study developed a novel organic-diffusive gradients in thin film (o-DGT) sampler based on stainless steel mesh membrane, polyacrylamide diffusive gel, and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) binding gel. This innovative design tackled issues of filter membrane sorption in traditional o-DGT devices and potential gel damage in membrane-less o-DGT devices, showing promising application prospects. The mass accumulation of 15 target BPs was linear over 10 days in both freshwater (r ≥ 0.92) and seawater (r ≥ 0.94), with no saturation observed. The diffusion coefficients (D) through polyacrylamide diffusive gels ranged from 4.04 × 10 to 5.77 × 10 cm s in freshwater and from 1.74 × 10 to 4.69 × 10 cm s in seawater for the target BPs (except for bisphenol PH) at 22 °C. The D values of the target BPs in seawater were lower than those in freshwater due to the high salinity in seawater (35 ‰). The o-DGT samplers demonstrated good integrity in field applications. The total concentrations of the eight detected BPs ranged from 9.2 to 323 ng L, which was consistent with the measurements obtained by grab sampling. Among all BPs, bisphenol S, bisphenol F, and bisphenol A were consistently detected at all sites using both sampling methods. The concentrations of some novel BPs in coastal water measured by grab sampling were comparable to those measured in rivers, suggesting the need to strengthen pollution control of BPs in coastal areas. These results indicate that the o-DGT passive sampling method developed in the present study can be effectively used for monitoring BPs in freshwater and coastal environments.
双酚类似物（BPs）在河流和沿海水域中普遍存在。然而，缺乏一种可靠且强大的被动采样方法阻碍了我们在水生系统中监测这些化合物的能力。该研究基于不锈钢网膜、聚丙烯酰胺扩散凝胶和亲水亲油平衡（HLB）结合凝胶开发了一种新型的薄膜有机扩散梯度（o-DGT）采样器。这种创新设计解决了传统o-DGT装置中滤膜吸附问题以及无膜o-DGT装置中潜在的凝胶损伤问题，显示出广阔的应用前景。在淡水（r≥0.92）和海水中（r≥0.94），15种目标双酚类似物的质量积累在10天内呈线性，未观察到饱和现象。在22℃时，目标双酚类似物（双酚PH除外）通过聚丙烯酰胺扩散凝胶的扩散系数（D）在淡水中范围为4.04×10至5.77×10 cm²/s，在海水中范围为1.74×10至4.69×10 cm²/s。由于海水盐度高（35‰），目标双酚类似物在海水中的D值低于淡水中的D值。o-DGT采样器在现场应用中表现出良好的完整性。检测到的8种双酚类似物总浓度范围为9.2至323 ng/L，这与抓取采样获得的测量结果一致。在所有双酚类似物中，使用两种采样方法在所有站点均一致检测到双酚S、双酚F和双酚A。通过抓取采样测量的一些新型双酚类似物在沿海水域中的浓度与河流中测量的浓度相当，这表明需要加强沿海地区双酚类似物的污染控制。这些结果表明，本研究开发的o-DGT被动采样方法可有效用于监测淡水和沿海环境中的双酚类似物。
