Department of General Surgery, Division of Thoracic & Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, MMC 207, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Division of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, MMC 207, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Thorac Surg Clin. 2024 May;34(2):189-195. doi: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2024.01.009. Epub 2024 Feb 24.
Diaphragm tumors are very rare, with secondary tumors being more common than primary tumors. The most common benign primary tumors include lipomas and cysts, and malignant primary tumors include rhabdomyosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. Endometriosis is the most common benign secondary tumor, followed by malignant tumors with localized spread of disease. In addition, widely metastatic disease has been described. Benign lipomas and cysts can be managed conservatively, but more complex or concerning disease typically requires resection. The diaphragm can often be repaired primarily, though any large defect or tension would indicate the need for mesh or an autologous reconstruction.
膈肿瘤非常罕见，继发性肿瘤比原发性肿瘤更为常见。最常见的良性原发性肿瘤包括脂肪瘤和囊肿，恶性原发性肿瘤包括横纹肌肉瘤和平滑肌肉瘤。子宫内膜异位症是最常见的良性继发性肿瘤，其次是局部播散性恶性肿瘤。此外，还描述了广泛转移性疾病。良性脂肪瘤和囊肿可以保守治疗，但更复杂或令人担忧的疾病通常需要切除。膈通常可以直接修复，但任何大的缺陷或张力都表明需要使用网片或自体重建。
