Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India.
Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Place du Général Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
Protein Pept Lett. 2024;31(5):345-355. doi: 10.2174/0109298665284293240409045359.
Nerve agents are a class of lethal neurotoxic chemicals used in chemical warfare. In this review, we have discussed a brief history of chemical warfare, followed by an exploration of the historical context surrounding nerve agents. The article explores the classification of these agents, their contemporary uses, their toxicity mechanisms, and the disadvantages of the current treatment options for nerve agent poisoning. It then discusses the possible application of enzymes as prophylactics against nerve agent poisoning, outlining the benefits and drawbacks of paraoxonase- 1. Finally, the current studies on paraoxonase-1 are reviewed, highlighting that several challenges need to be addressed in the use of paraoxonase-1 in the actual field and that its potential as a prophylactic antidote against nerve agent poisoning needs to be evaluated. The literature used in this manuscript was searched using various electronic databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Elsevier, Springer, ACS, Google Patent, and books using the keywords chemical warfare agent, butyrylcholinesterase, enzyme, nerve agent, prophylactic, and paraoxonase-1, with the time scale for the analysis of articles between 1960 to 2023. The study has suggested that concerted efforts by researchers and agencies must be made to develop effective countermeasures against NA poisoning and that paraoxonase-1 has suitable properties for the development of efficient prophylaxis against NA poisoning.
神经毒剂是一类用于化学战的致命神经毒化学物质。在这篇综述中，我们简要讨论了化学战的历史，接着探讨了神经毒剂的历史背景。文章探讨了这些毒剂的分类、它们的当代用途、毒性机制以及目前治疗神经毒剂中毒的方法的缺点。然后，讨论了将酶用作预防神经毒剂中毒的可能性，概述了对 1 型对氧磷酶的优缺点。最后，综述了目前关于 1 型对氧磷酶的研究，强调了在实际领域中使用 1 型对氧磷酶需要解决的几个挑战，以及将其作为神经毒剂中毒预防解毒剂的潜力需要进行评估。本文使用了各种电子数据库（如 PubMed、Google Scholar、Web of Science、Elsevier、Springer、ACS、Google Patent 和书籍）搜索文献，使用的关键词有化学战剂、丁酰胆碱酯酶、酶、神经毒剂、预防、1 型对氧磷酶，分析的文章时间范围是 1960 年至 2023 年。研究表明，研究人员和机构必须共同努力，开发针对 NA 中毒的有效对策，并且 1 型对氧磷酶具有开发有效预防 NA 中毒的合适特性。
