Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic.
Hrdlicka Museum of Man, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
Int J Legal Med. 2024 Sep;138(5):2127-2138. doi: 10.1007/s00414-024-03241-z. Epub 2024 May 8.
In this study we tested classification performance of a sex estimation method from the mandible originally developed by Sella-Tunis et al. (2017) on a heterogeneous Israeli population. Mandibular linear dimensions were measured on 60 CT scans derived from the Czech living population. Classification performance of Israeli discriminant functions (DFs-IL) was analyzed in comparison with calculated Czech discriminant functions (DFs-CZ) while different posterior probability thresholds (currently discussed in the forensic literature) were employed. Our results comprehensively illustrate sensitivity of different discriminant functions to population differences in body size and degree of sexual dimorphism. We demonstrate that the error rate may be biased when presented per posterior probability threshold. DF-IL 1 showed least sensitivity to population origin and fulfilled criteria of sufficient classification performance when applied on the Czech sample with a minimum posterior probability threshold of 0.88 reaching overall accuracy ≥ 95%, zero sex bias, and 80% of classified individuals. The last parameter was higher in DF-CZ 1 which was the main difference between those two DFs suggesting relatively low dependance on population origin. As the use of population-specific methods is often prevented by complicated assessment of population origin, DF-IL 1 is a candidate for a sufficiently robust method that could be reliably applied outside the reference sample, and thus, its classification performance deserves further testing on more population samples.
在这项研究中,我们测试了最初由 Sella-Tunis 等人开发的基于下颌骨的性别估计方法在以色列异质人群中的分类性能。对来自捷克活体人群的 60 个 CT 扫描测量了下颌骨的线性尺寸。分析了以色列判别函数 (DF-IL) 的分类性能,并与计算出的捷克判别函数 (DF-CZ) 进行了比较,同时还使用了不同的后验概率阈值(目前在法医学文献中讨论)。我们的结果全面说明了不同判别函数对体型和性别二态性程度的人群差异的敏感性。我们证明,当按后验概率阈值呈现时,错误率可能存在偏差。DF-IL1 对人群来源的敏感性最低,当应用于捷克样本时,其最小后验概率阈值为 0.88 时,满足了足够的分类性能标准,总体准确率≥95%,性别无偏差,80%的分类个体。这两个判别函数之间的主要区别在于,DF-CZ1 的最后一个参数较高,这表明它对人群来源的依赖性相对较低。由于人群特异性方法的使用通常受到人群来源评估的复杂性的限制,因此 DF-IL1 是一种候选方法,它是一种足够稳健的方法,可以在参考样本之外可靠地应用,因此,其分类性能值得在更多人群样本上进一步测试。