Baird Michael D, Sandler Alexis B, Scanaliato John P, Yoon Annette H, Askew Morgan R, Klahs Kyle J, Dunn John C, Parnes Nata
Orthopaedic Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, USA.
Orthopaedic Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, USA.
Cureus. 2024 Apr 7;16(4):e57781. doi: 10.7759/cureus.57781. eCollection 2024 Apr.
Background Elbows are one of the most frequently dislocated large joints; however, there is limited epidemiological data, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study characterizes elbow dislocations presenting to Emergency Departments (EDs) over the last decade. Methods This study is a cross-sectional, descriptive, epidemiologic analysis of isolated elbow dislocations presenting to EDs from 2011-2020 using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database. Patients under 10, those with radial head subluxation, and those with complex fractures were excluded. Data on incidence ratios, patient demographics, mechanisms of injury, and incident locales were analyzed. Results Approximately 83,996 simple, primary elbow dislocations occurred from 2011-2020 (n=2,328), generating an incidence of 2.98/100,000 person-years. Incidence was higher among males (3.26 versus 2.69/100,000 person-years). Dislocations peaked in patients aged 10-19, with higher rates in males (11.12 versus 5.31/100,000 person-years; injury rate ratio 2.09, CI=2.05-2.14, p<0.001). Rates of elbow dislocations decreased with age in males (age 20-29=11.12, age >80=0.63/100,000) but increased in females over 40 (age 40-49=1.59, age 70-79=2.83/100,000). Athletic activities accounted for 55% of dislocations (n=45,902), with 15% from football and 14% from wrestling. The fewest annual dislocations occurred during COVID-19 (n=6440). Injuries occurring at schools and during contact and indoor sports decreased, while those from soccer increased. Conclusions Elbow dislocations are common, with trends of decreasing incidence with age among men and increasing incidence in women over 40. COVID-19 impacted sports-related and epidemiologic injury patterns. Ultimately, understanding population-level risks for elbow dislocations enables orthopaedic surgeons to predict injury trends and conceive educational preventative measures.
肘部是最常发生脱位的大关节之一；然而，流行病学数据有限，尤其是在2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间。本研究对过去十年中急诊科收治的肘部脱位情况进行了特征描述。
本研究是一项横断面、描述性的流行病学分析，使用国家电子伤害监测系统（NEISS）数据库，对2011年至2020年急诊科收治的单纯性肘部脱位进行分析。排除10岁以下患者、桡骨头半脱位患者和复杂骨折患者。分析发病率、患者人口统计学特征、损伤机制和事发地点的数据。
2011年至2020年期间共发生约83,996例单纯性、原发性肘部脱位（n=2,328），发病率为2.98/10万人口年。男性发病率较高（3.26对2.69/10万人口年）。脱位在10至19岁患者中达到峰值，男性发病率更高（11.12对5.31/10万人口年；损伤率比2.09，CI=2.05-2.14，p<0.001）。男性肘部脱位率随年龄增长而下降（20至29岁=11.12，80岁以上=0.63/10万），但40岁以上女性则上升（40至49岁=1.59,70至79岁=2.83/10万）。体育活动导致的脱位占55%（n=45,902），其中15%来自足球，14%来自摔跤。COVID-19期间年度脱位最少（n=6440）。在学校以及接触性和室内运动中发生的损伤减少，而足球导致的损伤增加。
肘部脱位很常见，男性发病率随年龄下降，40岁以上女性发病率上升。COVID-19影响了与运动相关的和流行病学损伤模式。最终，了解肘部脱位的人群水平风险使骨科医生能够预测损伤趋势并构思教育性预防措施。
