Cui Siyuan, Chen Sainan, Wu Xuechao, Wang Qing
Department of Endocrinology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, China.
Department of Endocrinology, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, China.
Front Neurosci. 2024 Apr 22;18:1294417. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1294417. eCollection 2024.
Patients with pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) often experience neuropsychiatric disorders due to factors such as hormonal imbalances, and inadequate management of medications, surgeries, and radiation therapies. Commonly observed disorders include depression, anxiety, and cognitive dysfunction, which significantly impact patients' quality of life and prognosis. PitNETs have a significant presence of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME), predominantly macrophages and T lymphocytes. These immune cells secrete a variety of cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines, which regulate the biological behaviors of PitNETs, including tumor initiation, proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. In addition, this review provides a pioneering summary of the close relationships between the aberrant secretion of proinflammatory cytokines within the TME of PitNETs and the occurrence of neuropsychiatric disorders, along with their potential underlying mechanisms. The cytokines produced as a result of TME dysregulation may affect various aspects of the central nervous system, including neurotransmitter metabolism, neuroendocrine function, and neurovascular plasticity, thereby leading to a higher susceptibility to neurobehavioral disorders in PitNET patients.
垂体神经内分泌肿瘤（PitNETs）患者常因激素失衡、药物、手术及放射治疗管理不当等因素而出现神经精神障碍。常见的障碍包括抑郁、焦虑和认知功能障碍，这些显著影响患者的生活质量和预后。PitNETs在肿瘤微环境（TME）中存在大量免疫细胞，主要是巨噬细胞和T淋巴细胞。这些免疫细胞分泌多种细胞因子、生长因子和趋化因子，调节PitNETs的生物学行为，包括肿瘤起始、增殖、迁移、侵袭和血管生成。此外，本综述首次总结了PitNETs肿瘤微环境中促炎细胞因子异常分泌与神经精神障碍发生之间的密切关系及其潜在机制。肿瘤微环境失调产生的细胞因子可能影响中枢神经系统的各个方面，包括神经递质代谢、神经内分泌功能和神经血管可塑性，从而导致PitNET患者更容易出现神经行为障碍。
