[Efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation based on a total body irradiation conditioning treatment regimen for adult acute lymphocytic leukemia].

To analyze the efficacy of allo-HSCT with total body irradiation (TBI) and chemotherapy alone in the treatment of adult ALL and to explore the factors affecting prognosis. The clinical data of 95 adult patients with ALL who underwent allo-HSCT from January 2015 to August 2022 were included. According to the conditioning regimen, the patients were divided into two groups: the TBI plus cyclophosphamide (TBI/Cy) group (=53) and the busulfan plus cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) group (=42). Hematopoietic reconstitution after transplantation, GVHD, transplantation-related complications, relapse rate (RR), non-relapse mortality (NRM), OS, and LFS were compared, and the factors related to prognosis were analyzed. The median time of neutrophil engraftment was 14 (10-25) days in the TBI/Cy group and 14 (10-24) days in the Bu/Cy group (=0.106). The median time of megakaryocyte engraftment was 17 (10-42) days in the TBI/Cy group and 19 (11-42) days in the Bu/Cy group (=0.488). The incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ acute GVHD (aGVHD) in the TBI/Cy and Bu/Cy groups was 41.5% and 35.7%, respectively (=0.565). The incidence of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD in these two groups was 24.5% and 4.8%, respectively (=0.009). The incidence of severe chronic GVHD in the two groups was 16.7% and 13.5%, respectively (=0.689). The incidence of cytomegalovirus infection, Epstein-Barr virus infection, severe infection, and hemorrhagic cystitis in the two groups was 41.5% and 35.7% (=0.565), 34.0% and 35.7% (=0.859), 43.4% and 33.3% (=0.318), and 20.8% and 50.0% (=0.003), respectively. The median follow-up time was 37.1 months and 53.3 months in the TBI/Cy and Bu/Cy groups, respectively. The 2-year cumulative RR was 17.0% in the TBI/Cy group and 42.9% in the Bu/Cy group (=0.017). The 2-year cumulative NRM was 24.5% and 7.1%, respectively (=0.120). The 2-year LFS was 58.5% and 50.0%, respectively (=0.466). The 2-year OS rate was 69.8% and 64.3%, respectively (=0.697). In the multivariate analysis, the conditioning regimen containing TBI was a protective factor for relapse after transplantation (=0.304, 95% 0.135-0.688, =0.004), whereas the effect on NRM was not significant (=1.393, 95% 0.355-5.462, =0.634). Infection was an independent risk factor for OS after allo-HSCT in adult patients with ALL. allo-HSCT based on TBI conditioning regimen had lower relapse rate and lower incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis for adult ALL, compared with chemotherapy regimen. While the incidence o grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ aGVHD was hgher in TBI conditioning regimen than that in chemotherapy regimen.