JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.
Nature. 2024 May;629(8011):311-316. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07304-4. Epub 2024 May 8.
A boson sampler implements a restricted model of quantum computing. It is defined by the ability to sample from the distribution resulting from the interference of identical bosons propagating according to programmable, non-interacting dynamics. An efficient exact classical simulation of boson sampling is not believed to exist, which has motivated ground-breaking boson sampling experiments in photonics with increasingly many photons. However, it is difficult to generate and reliably evolve specific numbers of photons with low loss, and thus probabilistic techniques for postselection or marked changes to standard boson sampling are generally used. Here, we address the above challenges by implementing boson sampling using ultracold atoms in a two-dimensional, tunnel-coupled optical lattice. This demonstration is enabled by a previously unrealized combination of tools involving high-fidelity optical cooling and imaging of atoms in a lattice, as well as programmable control of those atoms using optical tweezers. When extended to interacting systems, our work demonstrates the core abilities required to directly assemble ground and excited states in simulations of various Hubbard models.
玻色子采样器实现了一种受限的量子计算模型。它的定义是能够从根据可编程、非相互作用动力学传播的相同玻色子干涉产生的分布中进行采样。玻色子采样的高效精确经典模拟被认为是不存在的，这激发了越来越多的光子在光子学中的突破性玻色子采样实验。然而，生成和可靠地演化具有低损耗的特定数量的光子是困难的，因此通常使用用于后选择或标准玻色子采样的标记变化的概率技术。在这里，我们通过在二维隧道耦合光晶格中使用超冷原子来解决上述挑战。这种演示得益于以前未实现的工具组合，包括高保真度的光学冷却和晶格中原子的成像，以及使用光学镊子对这些原子进行可编程控制。当扩展到相互作用系统时，我们的工作展示了在各种 Hubbard 模型的模拟中直接组装基态和激发态所需的核心能力。
