Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2024 May 8;24(1):1258. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18595-7.
BACKGROUND: The approval of long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis PrEP (LA-PrEP) in the United States brings opportunities to overcome barriers of oral PrEP, particularly among sexual and gender minority communities who bear a higher HIV burden. Little is known about real-time decision-making among potential PrEP users of LA-PrEP post-licensure. METHODS: We held focus group discussions with people assigned male at birth who have sex with men in Baltimore, Maryland to explore decision-making, values, and priorities surrounding PrEP usage. A sexual and gender minority-affirming health center that provides PrEP services supported recruitment. Discussions included a pile-sorting activity and were audio-recorded. Recordings were transcribed and analyzed iteratively, combining an inductive and deductive approach. RESULTS: We held five focus groups from Jan-June 2023 with 23 participants (21 cisgender men who have sex with men, two transgender women who have sex with men; mean age 37). Among participants, 21 were on oral PrEP, one was on injectable PrEP, and one had never taken PrEP. Most had never heard about LA-PrEP. When making decisions about PrEP, participants particularly valued efficacy in preventing HIV, side effects, feeling a sense of security, and ease of use. Perceptions varied between whether oral or injectable PrEP was more convenient, but participants valued the new opportunity for a choice in modality. Factors influencing PrEP access included cost, individual awareness, provider awareness, and level of comfort in a healthcare environment. Participants emphasized how few providers are informed about PrEP, placing the burden of being informed about PrEP on them. Comfort and trust in a provider superseded proximity as considerations for if and where to access PrEP. CONCLUSIONS: There is still low awareness about LA-PrEP among sexual and gender minority communities; thus, healthcare providers have a critical role in influencing access to LA-PrEP. Despite this, providers are still vastly underinformed about PrEP and underprepared to support clients in contextualized ways. Clients are more likely to engage in care with affirming providers who offer non-judgmental conversations about sex and life experiences. Provider education in the United States is urgently needed to better support clients in choosing a PrEP modality that is right for them and supporting adherence for effective HIV prevention.
背景:长效暴露前预防 PrEP(LA-PrEP)在美国获得批准,为克服口服 PrEP 的障碍带来了机遇,特别是在 HIV 负担较重的性少数群体和性别少数群体中。关于 LA-PrEP 获得许可后潜在 PrEP 用户的实时决策知之甚少。
方法:我们在马里兰州巴尔的摩市与出生时被指定为男性且与男性发生性关系的男性进行了焦点小组讨论,以探讨围绕 PrEP 使用的决策、价值观和优先事项。一家性少数群体和性别少数群体认可的健康中心提供 PrEP 服务,支持招募。讨论包括堆积分类活动,并进行录音。录音被逐字转录并进行迭代分析,结合了归纳法和演绎法。
结果:我们于 2023 年 1 月至 6 月期间举行了五次焦点小组讨论,参与者共有 23 人(21 名顺性别男性同性恋者,2 名跨性别女性同性恋者;平均年龄 37 岁)。在参与者中,21 人服用口服 PrEP,1 人服用注射用 PrEP,1 人从未服用过 PrEP。大多数人从未听说过 LA-PrEP。在决定使用 PrEP 时,参与者特别重视预防 HIV 的疗效、副作用、安全感和易用性。口服 PrEP 和注射用 PrEP 哪种更方便的看法因人而异,但参与者重视在方式上有更多选择的新机会。影响 PrEP 可及性的因素包括费用、个人意识、提供者意识以及在医疗环境中的舒适度。参与者强调,很少有提供者了解 PrEP,了解 PrEP 的责任落在他们身上。对提供者的舒适度和信任超过了接近度,成为他们获取 PrEP 的考虑因素。
结论:性少数群体和性别少数群体对 LA-PrEP 的认知仍然很低;因此,医疗保健提供者在影响 LA-PrEP 的可及性方面发挥着关键作用。尽管如此,提供者对 PrEP 的了解仍然严重不足,并且无法以切合实际的方式支持客户。客户更有可能与支持非评判性对话的肯定提供者合作,这些对话涉及性和生活经历。美国迫切需要对提供者进行教育,以更好地支持客户选择适合他们的 PrEP 模式,并支持他们坚持有效的 HIV 预防措施。
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008-7-16