Integrated transcriptome and metabolome profiling reveals mechanisms underlying the infection of in "Jin Hong" branches.

INTRODUCTION

Valsa canker, caused by , is a destructive disease in apple production. However, the mechanism by which apple defend against infection remains unclear.

METHODS

In this study, the integrative transcriptional and metabolic analysis were used to investigate the responses of the 'Jin Hong' apple branches to the invasion of .

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the pathways of carbon metabolism, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, and biosynthesis of amino acids pathways. Additionally, the differentially accumulated metabolites were significantly enriched in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, fructose and mannose metabolism, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism pathways. Conjoint analysis revealed that infection significantly altered 5 metabolic pathways, 8 highly relevant metabolites and 15 genes of apples. Among which the transcription factors WRKY and basic domain leucine zipper transcription family were induced, the α-linolenic acid and betaine were significantly accumulated in infected apple stems. This work presents an overview of the changes in gene expression and metabolic profiles in apple under the inoculation of , which may help to further screen out the mechanism of plant-pathogen interaction at the molecular level.