Omics of Algae Group, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2024 May 9;40(6):197. doi: 10.1007/s11274-024-03996-y.
Physiological and environmental cues prompt microbes to synthesize diverse carotenoids, including dihydroxy xanthophylls, facilitating their adaptation and survival. Lutein and its isomeric counterpart, zeaxanthin, are notable dihydroxy xanthophylls with bioactive properties such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects, particularly beneficial for human ocular health. However, global natural resources for co-producing lutein and zeaxanthin are scarce, with zeaxanthin lacking commercial sources, unlike lutein sourced from marigold plants and microalgae. Traditionally, dihydroxy xanthophyll production primarily relies on petrochemical synthetic routes, with limited biological sourcing reported. Nonetheless, microbiological synthesis presents promising avenues as a commercial source, albeit challenged by low dihydroxy xanthophyll yield at high cell density. Strategies involving optimization of physical and chemical parameters are essential to achieve high-quality dihydroxy xanthophyll products. This overview briefly discusses dihydroxy xanthophyll biosynthesis and highlights recent advancements, discoveries, and industrial benefits of lutein and zeaxanthin production from microorganisms as alternative biofactories.
生理和环境线索促使微生物合成各种类胡萝卜素，包括二羟基叶黄素，从而促进其适应和生存。叶黄素及其同系物玉米黄质是具有生物活性的二羟基叶黄素，具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌和神经保护作用，特别有益于人类眼部健康。然而，全球可用于共同生产叶黄素和玉米黄质的自然资源稀缺，与叶黄素来源于万寿菊植物和微藻不同，玉米黄质缺乏商业来源。传统上，二羟基叶黄素的生产主要依赖于石化合成途径，据报道生物来源有限。然而，微生物合成作为商业来源具有广阔的前景，尽管在高细胞密度下二羟基叶黄素的产量较低。涉及优化物理和化学参数的策略对于实现高质量的二羟基叶黄素产品至关重要。本篇综述简要讨论了二羟基叶黄素的生物合成，并强调了微生物作为替代生物工厂生产叶黄素和玉米黄质的最新进展、发现和工业效益。
