Institute of Eco-environmental Research, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jul 1;932:173061. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173061. Epub 2024 May 8.
Peanut yield and quality face significant threats due to climate change and soil degradation. The potential of biochar technology to address this challenge remains unanswered, though biochar is acknowledged for its capacity to enhance the soil microbial community and plant nitrogen (N) supply. A field study was conducted in 2021 on oil peanuts grown in a sand-loamy Primisol that received organic amendments at 20 Mg ha. The treatments consisted of biochar amendments derived from poultry manure (PB), rice husk (RB), and maize residue (MB), as well as manure compost (OM) amendment, compared to no organic amendment (CK). In 2022, during the second year after amendment, samples of bulk topsoil, rooted soil, and plants were collected at the peanut harvest. The analysis included the assessment of soil quality, peanut growth traits, microbial community, nifH gene abundance, and biological N fixation (BNF) rate. Compared to the CK, the OM treatment led to an 8 % increase in peanut kernel yield, but had no effect on kernel quality in terms of oil production. Conversely, both PB and MB treatments increased kernel yield by 10 %, whereas RB treatment showed no change in yield. Moreover, all biochar amendments significantly improved oilseed quality by 10-25 %, notably increasing the proportion of oleic acid by up to 70 %. Similarly, while OM amendment slightly decreased root development, all biochar treatments significantly enhanced root development by over 80 %. Furthermore, nodule number, fresh weight per plant, and the nifH gene abundance in rooted soil remained unchanged under OM and PB treatments but was significantly enhanced under RB and MB treatments compared to CK. Notably, all biochar amendments, excluding OM, increased the BNF rate and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity. These changes were attributed to alterations in soil aggregation, moisture retention, and phosphorus availability, which were influenced by the diverse physical and chemical properties of biochars. Overall, maize residue biochar contributed synergistically to enhancing soil fertility, peanut yield, and quality while also promoting increased root development, a shift in the diazotrophic community and BNF.
由于气候变化和土壤退化，花生的产量和质量面临重大威胁。生物炭技术具有增强土壤微生物群落和植物氮（N）供应的能力，但仍未解决这一挑战。2021 年，在沙壤土质 Primisol 上种植的油用花生进行了一项田间研究，该土壤接受了 20 Mg/ha 的有机肥料。处理措施包括来自家禽粪便（PB）、稻壳（RB）和玉米秸秆（MB）的生物炭改良剂，以及有机肥（OM）改良剂，与不施有机肥（CK）对照。2022 年，在施用有机肥的第二年，在花生收获时采集了原状土、根际土和植物样本。分析包括土壤质量评估、花生生长特性、微生物群落、nifH 基因丰度和生物固氮（BNF）率。与 CK 相比，OM 处理导致花生仁产量增加 8%，但对油产量没有影响。相反，PB 和 MB 处理均使仁产量增加了 10%，而 RB 处理产量无变化。此外，所有生物炭改良剂均使油籽品质提高了 10-25%，显著增加了油酸的比例，最高可达 70%。同样，虽然 OM 处理略微降低了根系发育，但所有生物炭处理均使根系发育显著增强，超过 80%。此外，OM 和 PB 处理下，根际土壤中的根瘤数、每株植物的鲜重和 nifH 基因丰度保持不变，但 RB 和 MB 处理与 CK 相比，显著增加。值得注意的是，除 OM 外，所有生物炭改良剂均增加了 BNF 率和 N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性。这些变化归因于土壤团聚体、水分保持和磷有效性的改变，这受生物炭的不同物理和化学性质的影响。总的来说，玉米秸秆生物炭协同增强了土壤肥力、花生产量和品质，同时促进了根系发育、固氮微生物群落的变化和 BNF。
