Jiang Xin, Li Junlian, Pan Jialing, Cheng Lu, Jiang Cheng, Wang Rui
School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
Pharmacy department, Wenling Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Wenling, China.
One Health. 2024 Apr 29;18:100743. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100743. eCollection 2024 Jun.
In December 2015, the World Health Organization, the World Animal Health Organization, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations convened the International Congress on the elimination of rabies in Geneva. How to use epidemiological factors of post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent rabies has become the focus of attention.
To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 9772 patients with rabies in a four-year period in one hospital, to clarify the outbreak law of rabies and to explore the corresponding prevention and control strategies.
The epidemiological data of rabies patients were collected from the infectious disease reporting information management system of the hospital from July 2018 to June 2022. The distributional characteristics of 13 influencing factors were analyzed using the chi-square test and linear regression.
There was a significant correlation between the number of wounds and age, and the numbers of female and male patients were close. People over the age of 44 were more likely to get bites or scratches on their lower extremity (P<0.0001). There was a greater possibility for elderly people to be bitten by dogs (P<0.0001). Dogs preferred to bite or scratch lower limbs (P<0.0001), while cats upper limbs (P<0.0001). Upper limbs were more possibly attacked by animals at home (P<0.0001). There were significant correlations among exposure grade, wound treatment and number of wounds. Conclusions: Lower extremity protection is needed for the elderly and when encountering dogs, and more attention needs to be paid to the upper extremities when encountering cats and household pets, as well as pets that are cute but need to be protected from bites or scratches.
2015年12月，世界卫生组织、世界动物卫生组织和联合国粮食及农业组织在日内瓦召开了消除狂犬病国际大会。如何利用暴露后预防的流行病学因素预防狂犬病已成为关注焦点。
分析某医院四年期间9772例狂犬病患者的流行病学特征，阐明狂犬病的发病规律并探索相应防控策略。
收集该医院2018年7月至2022年6月传染病报告信息管理系统中狂犬病患者的流行病学资料。采用卡方检验和线性回归分析13个影响因素的分布特征。
伤口数量与年龄之间存在显著相关性，男女患者数量相近。44岁以上人群下肢更易被咬伤或抓伤（P<0.0001）。老年人被狗咬伤的可能性更大（P<0.0001）。狗更喜欢咬或抓下肢（P<0.0001），而猫更喜欢抓上肢（P<0.0001）。上肢更易被家中动物攻击（P<0.0001）。暴露分级、伤口处理和伤口数量之间存在显著相关性。结论：老年人及遇到狗时需注意保护下肢，遇到猫和家养宠物以及可爱但需防咬防抓的宠物时，需更多关注上肢。
