Kan Andy Ka Chun, Tang Wang Tik, Li Philip H
Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
Heliyon. 2024 May 1;10(9):e30553. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30553. eCollection 2024 May 15.
Helper T cells are traditionally classified into T helper 1 (T1) and T helper 2 (T2). The more recent discoveries of T helper 17 (T17), follicular helper T cells (T) and regulatory T cells (T) enhanced our understanding on the mechanisms of immune function and hypersensitivity reactions, which shaped the modern perspective on the function and role of these different subsets of helper T cells in hypersensitivity reactions. Each subset of helper T cells has characteristic roles in different types of hypersensitivity reactions, hence giving rise to the respective characteristic clinical manifestations. The roles of helper T cells in allergic contact dermatitis (T1-mediated), drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome (T2-mediated), and acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) (T17-mediated) are summarised in this article, demonstrating the correlation between the type of helper T cell involved and the clinical features. T plays crucial roles in antibody class-switch recombination; they may be implicated in antibody-mediated hypersensitivity reactions, but further research is warranted to delineate their exact pathogenic roles. The helper T cell subsets and their specific cytokine profiles implicated in different hypersensitivity reactions could be potential treatment targets by biologics, but more clinical trials are warranted to establish their clinical effectiveness.
传统上，辅助性T细胞分为辅助性T1（Th1）细胞和辅助性T2（Th2）细胞。近年来发现的辅助性T17（Th17）细胞、滤泡辅助性T细胞（Tfh）和调节性T细胞（Treg），加深了我们对免疫功能机制和超敏反应的理解，形成了对这些不同亚群辅助性T细胞在超敏反应中功能和作用的现代观点。辅助性T细胞的每个亚群在不同类型的超敏反应中都有其独特作用，从而产生各自独特的临床表现。本文总结了辅助性T细胞在过敏性接触性皮炎（Th1介导）、伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多和全身症状的药疹（DRESS）综合征（Th2介导）以及急性泛发性发疹性脓疱病（AGEP）（Th17介导）中的作用，证明了所涉及的辅助性T细胞类型与临床特征之间的相关性。Tfh细胞在抗体类别转换重组中起关键作用；它们可能与抗体介导的超敏反应有关，但需要进一步研究来明确其确切的致病作用。参与不同超敏反应的辅助性T细胞亚群及其特定的细胞因子谱可能是生物制剂的潜在治疗靶点，但需要更多的临床试验来确定其临床疗效。
