Rapaka Deepthi, Tebogo Motshegwana O, Mathew Elizabeth M, Adiukwu Paul C, Bitra Veera Raghavulu
DDT College of Medicine, Gaborone, Botswana.
School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana, P/Bag-0022.
Heliyon. 2024 Apr 30;10(9):e30574. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30574. eCollection 2024 May 15.
Hippocampus is the most widely studied brain area coupled with impairment of memory in a variety of neurological diseases and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The limbic structures within the Papez circuit have been linked to various aspects of cognition. Unfortunately, the brain regions that include this memory circuit are often ignored in terms of understanding cognitive decline in these diseases. To properly comprehend where cognition problems originate, it is crucial to clarify any aberrant contributions from all components of a specific circuit -on both a local and a global level. The pharmacological treatments currently available are not long lasting. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) emerged as a new powerful therapeutic approach for alleviation of the cognitive dysfunctions. Metabolic, functional, electrophysiological, and imaging studies helped to find out the crucial nodes that can be accessible for DBS. Targeting these nodes within the memory circuit produced significant improvement in learning and memory by disrupting abnormal circuit activity and restoring the physiological network. Here, we provide an overview of the neuroanatomy of the circuit of Papez along with the mechanisms and various deep brain stimulation targets of the circuit structures which could be significant for improving cognitive dysfunctions in AD.
海马体是在各种神经疾病和阿尔茨海默病（AD）中与记忆障碍相关联且研究最为广泛的脑区。帕佩兹环路内的边缘结构与认知的各个方面都有关联。不幸的是，在理解这些疾病中的认知衰退时，包含该记忆环路的脑区常常被忽视。为了正确理解认知问题的根源，至关重要的是要在局部和整体层面上阐明特定环路所有组成部分的任何异常作用。目前可用的药物治疗效果并不持久。深部脑刺激（DBS）作为一种缓解认知功能障碍的新的有效治疗方法应运而生。代谢、功能、电生理和影像学研究有助于找出可用于DBS的关键节点。针对记忆环路内的这些节点，通过破坏异常的环路活动并恢复生理网络，在学习和记忆方面产生了显著改善。在此，我们概述了帕佩兹环路的神经解剖学，以及该环路结构的机制和各种深部脑刺激靶点，这些对于改善AD中的认知功能障碍可能具有重要意义。
