Jablonski Daniel, Mebert Konrad, Masroor Rafaqat, Simonov Evgeniy, Kukushkin Oleg, Abduraupov Timur, Hofmann Sylvia
Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Global Biology, Birr, Switzerland.
Curr Zool. 2023 Mar 14;70(2):150-162. doi: 10.1093/cz/zoad008. eCollection 2024 Apr.
Influenced by rapid changes in climate and landscape features since the Miocene, widely distributed species provide suitable models to study the environmental impact on their evolution and current genetic diversity. The dice snake , widely distributed in the Western Palearctic is one such species. We aimed to resolve a detailed phylogeography of . with a focus on the Central Asian clade with 4 and the Anatolia clade with 3 mitochondrial lineages, trace their origin, and correlate the environmental changes that affected their distribution through time. The expected time of divergence of both clades began at 3.7 Mya in the Pliocene, reaching lineage differentiation approximately 1 million years later. The genetic diversity in both clades is rich, suggesting different ancestral areas, glacial refugia, demographic changes, and colonization routes. The Caspian lineage is the most widespread lineage in Central Asia, distributed around the Caspian Sea and reaching the foothills of the Hindu Kush Mountains in Afghanistan, and Eastern European lowlands in the west. Its distribution is limited by deserts, mountains, and cold steppe environments. Similarly, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan lineages followed the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya water systems in Central Asia, with ranges delimited by the large Kyzylkum and Karakum deserts. On the western side, there are several lineages within the Anatolia clade that converged in the central part of the peninsula with 2 being endemic to Western Asia. The distribution of both main clades was affected by expansion from their Pleistocene glacial refugia around the Caspian Sea and in the valleys of Central Asia as well as by environmental changes, mostly through aridification.
受中新世以来气候和地貌特征快速变化的影响，广泛分布的物种为研究环境对其进化和当前遗传多样性的影响提供了合适的模型。分布于西古北区的棋斑水游蛇就是这样一个物种。我们旨在解析棋斑水游蛇详细的系统地理学，重点关注拥有4个线粒体谱系的中亚分支和拥有3个线粒体谱系的安纳托利亚分支，追溯它们的起源，并将随时间影响其分布的环境变化关联起来。两个分支的预期分化时间始于上新世的370万年前，大约100万年后达到谱系分化。两个分支的遗传多样性都很丰富，这表明它们有着不同的祖先区域、冰期避难所、种群变化和殖民路线。里海谱系是中亚分布最广的谱系，分布在里海周边，东至阿富汗的兴都库什山脉山麓，西至东欧低地。其分布受到沙漠、山脉和寒冷草原环境的限制。同样，哈萨克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦谱系沿着中亚的阿姆河和锡尔河水系分布，其分布范围由巨大的克孜勒库姆沙漠和卡拉库姆沙漠界定。在西侧，安纳托利亚分支内有几个谱系在半岛中部汇聚，其中2个是西亚特有的。两个主要分支的分布受到更新世冰期时从里海周边和中亚山谷的避难所扩张以及环境变化的影响，主要是通过干旱化。
