Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Jun;175:116702. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116702. Epub 2024 May 10.
In recent years, nanoparticles have been broadly utilized in various drugs delivery formulations. Nanodelivery systems have shown promise in solving problems associated with the distribution of hydrophobic drugs and have promoted the accumulation of nanomedicines in the circulation or in organs. However, the injection dose of nanoparticles (NPs) is much greater than that needed by diseased tissues or organs. In other words, most of the NPs are localized off-target and do not reach the desired tissue or organs. With the rapid development of biodegradable and biosafety nanomaterials, the nanovectors represent assurance of safety. However, the off-target effects also induce concerns about the application of NPs, especially in the delivery of gene editing tools. Therefore, a complete understanding of the biological responses to NPs in the body will clearly guide the design of targeted delivery of NPs. The different properties of various nanodelivery systems may induce diverse interactions between carriers and organs. In this review, we describe the relationship between the liver, the most influenced organ of systemic administration of NPs, and targeted delivery nanoplatforms. Various transport vehicles have adopted multiple delivery strategies for the targeted delivery to the cells in the homeostasis liver and in diseased liver. Additionally, nanodelivery systems provide a novel strategy for treating incurable diseases. The appearance of a targeted delivery has profoundly improved the application of NPs to liver diseases.
近年来，纳米颗粒已广泛应用于各种药物输送制剂中。纳米递药系统在解决疏水性药物的分布问题方面显示出了很大的潜力，并促进了纳米药物在循环或器官中的积累。然而，纳米颗粒（NPs）的注射剂量远远大于患病组织或器官所需的剂量。换句话说，大多数 NPs 是定位在非目标部位的，无法到达所需的组织或器官。随着可生物降解和生物安全纳米材料的快速发展，纳米载体代表了安全性的保证。然而，非目标效应也引起了人们对 NPs 应用的担忧，特别是在基因编辑工具的传递方面。因此，对 NPs 在体内的生物反应有一个全面的了解，将清楚地指导 NPs 靶向输送的设计。各种纳米递药系统的不同性质可能会引起载体和器官之间的不同相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们描述了肝脏与全身给药的 NPs 最受影响的器官之间的关系，以及靶向递药纳米平台。各种输送载体已经采用了多种输送策略，以实现对正常肝脏和病变肝脏中细胞的靶向输送。此外，纳米递药系统为治疗不治之症提供了一种新的策略。靶向输送的出现极大地提高了 NPs 在肝脏疾病中的应用。
