Mota-Rojas Daniel, Whittaker Alexandra L, Domínguez-Oliva Adriana, Strappini Ana C, Álvarez-Macías Adolfo, Mora-Medina Patricia, Ghezzi Marcelo, Lendez Pamela, Lezama-García Karina, Grandin Temple
Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico.
School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Adelaide, SA 5116, Australia.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Apr 23;14(9):1265. doi: 10.3390/ani14091265.
Several types of enrichment can be used to improve animal welfare. This review summarizes the literature on the use of mechanical brushes, tactile udder stimulation, music, and visual stimuli as enrichment methods for dairy cows. Mechanical brushes and tactile stimulation of the udder have been shown to have a positive effect on milk yield and overall behavioral repertoire, enhancing natural behavior. Classical music reduces stress levels and has similarly been associated with increased milk yield. A slow or moderate tempo (70 to 100 bpm) at frequencies below 70 dB is recommended to have this positive effect. Evidence on the impacts of other types of enrichment, such as visual stimulation through mirrors, pictures, and color lights, or the use of olfactory stimuli, is equivocal and requires further study.
可以采用多种类型的环境优化措施来改善动物福利。本综述总结了有关使用机械刷、触觉刺激乳房、音乐和视觉刺激作为奶牛环境优化方法的文献。机械刷和对乳房的触觉刺激已被证明对产奶量和整体行为表现有积极影响，可增强自然行为。古典音乐能降低应激水平，同样与产奶量增加有关。建议采用频率低于70分贝、节奏缓慢或适中（每分钟70至100拍）的音乐以产生这种积极效果。关于其他类型环境优化措施的影响，如通过镜子、图片和彩色灯光进行视觉刺激，或使用嗅觉刺激，证据尚不明确，需要进一步研究。
