Brozić Diana, Starčević Kristina, Vranić Marina, Bošnjak Krešimir, Maurić Maljković Maja, Mašek Tomislav
Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Apr 24;14(9):1273. doi: 10.3390/ani14091273.
Fatty acids (FAs) are of utmost importance in the peripartal period for the development of the central nervous and immune systems of the newborn. The transport of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) through the placenta is considered to be minimal in ruminants. Nevertheless, the cow's FAs are the main source of FAs for the calf during gestation. This research aimed to investigate the influence of low-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during late gestation on the FA metabolism of cows and their calves. A total of 20 Charolais cows during the last month of their gestation were included in the feeding trial and were divided into a control group (CON) and an experimental group (EPA + DHA). The latter received a supplement in the amount of 100 g/day (9.1 and 7.8 g/cow/day of EPA and DHA, respectively). Supplementation of low-dose EPA and DHA alters colostrum and milk fatty acid composition through the elevation of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) without affecting milk fat and protein concentrations and oxidative status. Plasma composition in cows was significantly altered, while the same effect was not detected in calf plasma. No significant change in mRNA expression was detected for the genes fatty acid synthase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA).
脂肪酸（FAs）在围产期对新生儿中枢神经系统和免疫系统的发育至关重要。在反刍动物中，多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）通过胎盘的转运被认为是极少的。然而，母牛的脂肪酸是妊娠期间犊牛脂肪酸的主要来源。本研究旨在探讨妊娠后期补充低剂量二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）对母牛及其犊牛脂肪酸代谢的影响。共有20头处于妊娠最后一个月的夏洛来母牛被纳入饲养试验，并分为对照组（CON）和实验组（EPA + DHA）。后者每天接受100克的补充剂（分别为每头母牛每天9.1克和7.8克的EPA和DHA）。补充低剂量的EPA和DHA可通过提高n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFAs）来改变初乳和乳脂肪酸组成，而不影响乳脂肪和蛋白质浓度以及氧化状态。母牛的血浆成分发生了显著变化，而在犊牛血浆中未检测到相同的效果。脂肪酸合酶（FASN）和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶α（ACACA）基因的mRNA表达未检测到显著变化。
