Yuan Guoqing, Chen Yue, Wang Yulu, Zhang Hanwen, Wang Hongxia, Jiang Mixue, Zhang Xiaonan, Gong Yingchun, Yuan Saibo
College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Apr 25;14(9):1293. doi: 10.3390/ani14091293.
To explore the impacts of multiple environmental stressors on animal communities in aquatic ecosystems, we selected protozoa-a highly sensitive group of organisms-to assess the effect of environmental change. To conduct this simulation we conducted a three-factor, outdoor, mesocosm experiment from March to November 2021. Changes in the community structure and functional group composition of protozoan communities under the separate and combined effects of these three environmental stressors were investigated by warming and the addition of nitrogen, phosphorus, and pesticides. The results were as follows: (1) Both eutrophication and pesticides had a considerable promotional effect on the abundance and biomass of protozoa; the effect of warming was not considerable. When warming was combined with eutrophication and pesticides, there was a synergistic effect and antagonistic effect, respectively. (2) Eutrophication promoted α diversity of protozoa and affected their species richness and dominant species composition; the combination of warming and pesticides remarkably reduced the α diversity of protozoa. (3) Warming, eutrophication, and pesticides were important factors affecting the functional groups of protozoa. Interaction among different environmental factors could complicate changes in the aquatic ecological environment and its protozoan communities. Indeed, in the context of climate change, it might be more difficult to predict future trends in the protozoan community. Therefore, our results provide a scientific basis for the protection and restoration of shallow lake ecosystems; they also offer valuable insights in predicting changes in shallow lakes.
为了探究多种环境压力源对水生生态系统中动物群落的影响，我们选择了原生动物（一类高度敏感的生物）来评估环境变化的影响。为进行此模拟，我们于2021年3月至11月开展了一项三因素室外中型生态系统实验。通过升温以及添加氮、磷和农药，研究了这三种环境压力源单独和联合作用下原生动物群落的结构和功能群组成的变化。结果如下：（1）富营养化和农药对原生动物的丰度和生物量均有显著的促进作用；升温的影响不显著。当升温与富营养化和农药联合时，分别存在协同效应和拮抗效应。（2）富营养化促进了原生动物的α多样性，并影响其物种丰富度和优势物种组成；升温与农药的组合显著降低了原生动物的α多样性。（3）升温、富营养化和农药是影响原生动物功能群的重要因素。不同环境因素之间的相互作用会使水生生态环境及其原生动物群落的变化复杂化。事实上，在气候变化的背景下，预测原生动物群落的未来趋势可能更加困难。因此，我们的结果为浅水湖泊生态系统的保护和恢复提供了科学依据；它们也为预测浅水湖泊的变化提供了有价值的见解。
