Liu Yili, Ma Liangliang, Riqing Daojie, Qu Jiu, Chen Jiyong, Zhandu Danzeng, Li Biao, Jiang Mingfeng
Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation, College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
College of Grassland Resources, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Apr 30;14(9):1365. doi: 10.3390/ani14091365.
Yaks are the main pillar of plateau animal husbandry and the material basis of local herdsmen's survival. The level of mineral elements in the body is closely related to the production performance of yaks. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of rumen epithelial morphology, transcriptomics and metagenomics to explore the dynamics of rumen functions, microbial colonization and functional interactions in yaks from birth to adulthood. Bacteria, eukaryotes, archaea and viruses colonized the rumen of yaks from birth to adulthood, with bacteria being the majority. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in five developmental stages, and the abundance of genus and significantly decreased with age. Glycoside hydrolase (GH) genes were the most highly represented in five different developmental stages, followed by glycosyltransferases (GTs) and carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), where the proportion of genes coding for CBMs increased with age. Integrating host transcriptome and microbial metagenome revealed 30 gene modules related to age, muscle layer thickness, nipple length and width of yaks. Among these, the MEmagenta and MEturquoise were positively correlated with these phenotypic traits. Twenty-two host genes involved in transcriptional regulation related to metal ion binding (including potassium, sodium, calcium, zinc, iron) were positively correlated with a rumen bacterial cluster 1 composed of , , , , , etc. Therefore, these studies help us to understand the interaction between rumen host and microorganisms in yaks at different ages, and further provide a reliable theoretical basis for the development of feed and mineral element supplementation for yaks at different ages.
牦牛是高原畜牧业的主要支柱和当地牧民生存的物质基础。牦牛体内矿物质元素水平与牦牛的生产性能密切相关。在本研究中，我们对瘤胃上皮形态、转录组学和宏基因组学进行了综合分析，以探究牦牛从出生到成年瘤胃功能、微生物定植及功能相互作用的动态变化。从出生到成年，细菌、真核生物、古菌和病毒都在牦牛瘤胃中定植，其中细菌占大多数。拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门是五个发育阶段的优势菌门，[此处原文可能有缺失，未明确提及的属名]属和[此处原文可能有缺失，未明确提及的属名]属的丰度随年龄显著降低。糖苷水解酶（GH）基因在五个不同发育阶段中占比最高，其次是糖基转移酶（GTs）和碳水化合物结合模块（CBMs），其中编码CBMs的基因比例随年龄增加。整合宿主转录组和微生物宏基因组揭示了30个与牦牛年龄、肌层厚度、乳头长度和宽度相关的基因模块。其中，MEmagenta和MEturquoise与这些表型性状呈正相关。22个参与与金属离子结合（包括钾、钠、钙、锌、铁）相关转录调控的宿主基因与一个由[此处原文可能有缺失，未明确提及的菌属等]等组成的瘤胃细菌簇1呈正相关。因此，这些研究有助于我们了解不同年龄牦牛瘤胃宿主与微生物之间的相互作用，并进一步为不同年龄牦牛饲料开发和矿物质元素补充提供可靠的理论依据。
