The Immune Response of , , and Genes in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19.

COVID-19 is characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations, where aging, underlying diseases, and genetic background are related to worse outcomes. In the present study, the differential expression of seven genes related to immunity, , , , , , , and , was analyzed in individuals with COVID-19 diagnoses of different disease severities. Two-step RT-qPCR was performed to determine the relative gene expression in whole-blood samples from 160 individuals. The expression of ( < 0.05) and ( < 0.05) was higher in moderate hospitalized cases than in severe ones. Increased gene expression of (OR = 0.64, CI = 0.52-0.79; = 0.001), (OR = 0.581, CI = 0.43-0.79; = 0.001), and (OR = 0.544, CI = 0.39-0.69; < 0.001) was associated with a lower risk of requiring IMV. Moreover, (OR = 0.646, CI = 0.50-0.83; = 0.001), (OR = 0.57, CI = 0.39-0.83; = 0.003), (OR = 0.80, CI = 0.653-0.979; = 0.03), and (OR = 0.827, CI = 0.69-0.991; = 0.039) expression was associated with patient survival. In conclusion, the relevance of , , and in controlling the viral infection was confirmed.