Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Instituto de Química-Física Blas Cabrera, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Apr 30;25(9):4929. doi: 10.3390/ijms25094929.
Bacteria and their phage adversaries are engaged in an ongoing arms race, resulting in the development of a broad antiphage arsenal and corresponding viral countermeasures. In recent years, the identification and utilization of CRISPR-Cas systems have driven a renewed interest in discovering and characterizing antiphage mechanisms, revealing a richer diversity than initially anticipated. Currently, these defense systems can be categorized based on the bacteria's strategy associated with the infection cycle stage. Thus, bacterial defense systems can degrade the invading genetic material, trigger an abortive infection, or inhibit genome replication. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of processes related to bacterial immunity has significant implications for phage-based therapies and the development of new biotechnological tools. This review aims to comprehensively cover these processes, with a focus on the most recent discoveries.
细菌及其噬菌体对手正在进行一场持续的军备竞赛，导致了广泛的抗噬菌体武器库和相应的病毒对策的发展。近年来，CRISPR-Cas 系统的鉴定和利用重新激发了人们发现和描述抗噬菌体机制的兴趣，揭示了比最初预期更丰富的多样性。目前，这些防御系统可以根据与感染周期阶段相关的细菌策略进行分类。因此，细菌防御系统可以降解入侵的遗传物质、引发流产感染或抑制基因组复制。了解与细菌免疫相关的过程的分子机制对噬菌体治疗和新生物技术工具的开发具有重要意义。本综述旨在全面涵盖这些过程，并重点介绍最新发现。
